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Pediatric-Like Brain Tumors in Adults

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Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery

Part of the book series: Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery ((NEUROSURGERY,volume 50))

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Abstract

Pediatric brain tumors are different to those found in adults in pathological type, anatomical site, molecular signature, and probable tumor drivers. Although these tumors usually occur in childhood, they also rarely present in adult patients, either as a de novo diagnosis or as a delayed recurrence of a pediatric tumor in the setting of a patient that has transitioned into adult services.

Due to the rarity of pediatric-like tumors in adults, the literature on these tumor types in adults is often limited to small case series, and treatment decisions are often based on the management plans taken from pediatric studies. However, the biology of these tumors is often different from the same tumors found in children. Likewise, adult patients are often unable to tolerate the side effects of the aggressive treatments used in children—for which there is little or no evidence of efficacy in adults. In this chapter, we review the literature and summarize the clinical, pathological, molecular profile, and response to treatment for the following pediatric tumor types—medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, germ cell tumors, choroid plexus tumors, midline glioma, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma—with emphasis on the differences to the adult population.

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Abbreviations

ACP:

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma

aCPP:

Atypical choroid plexus papilloma

CBTRUS:

Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States

CNS:

Central nervous system

CPA:

Cerebellar-pontine angle

CPC:

Choroid plexus carcinoma

CPP:

Choroid plexus papilloma

CSI:

Craniospinal irradiation

DIPG:

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

DMG:

Diffuse midline glioma

GTR:

Gross total resection

HGG:

High-grade glioma

iGCT:

Intracranial germ cell tumor

PA:

Pilocytic astrocytoma

PCP:

Papillary craniopharyngioma

PF-EPN:

Posterior fossa ependymoma

PXA:

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

ST-EPN:

Supratentorial ependymoma

TSC:

Tuberous sclerosis complex

WHO:

World Health Organization

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  1. Sandra Fernandes Dias and Oliver Richards contributed equally and share first authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

    Sandra Fernandes Dias, Oliver Richards & Paul Chumas

  2. Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich - Eleonor Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland

    Sandra Fernandes Dias

  3. Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK

    Martin Elliot

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Dias, S.F., Richards, O., Elliot, M., Chumas, P. (2024). Pediatric-Like Brain Tumors in Adults. In: Di Rocco, C. (eds) Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 50. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53578-9_5

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