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Chronic Kidney Disease-Bone and Mineral Disease

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Complications in Dialysis

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to disorders in mineral metabolism, including disturbances in bone turnover, mineralization, and volume, as well as extraskeletal and vascular calcification leading to increased morbidity and mortality. These disorders are classically identified as chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). CKD-MBD contributes significantly to morbidity and adverse outcomes commonly seen in dialysis patients with abnormal parathyroid hormone (PTH) and elevated serum phosphorus concentrations. Early identification, prompt management, and routine screening are important to prevent adverse outcomes. Management strategies include dietary changes, phosphorus binding agents, vitamin D, vitamin D receptor analogs (VDRA), and calcimimetics. Future research will confirm if suppressing FGF-23 and potentiating a-klotho are beneficial. This chapter explores the complex pathophysiology of CKD-MBD as well as discusses screening and therapeutic options.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Tushar Bajaj

  2. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northshore University Health System, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA

    Stuart M. Sprague

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  1. Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Stephen Z. Fadem

  2. Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

    José A. Moura-Neto

  3. Salisbury, VT, USA

    Thomas A. Golper

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Bajaj, T., Sprague, S.M. (2023). Chronic Kidney Disease-Bone and Mineral Disease. In: Fadem, S.Z., Moura-Neto, J.A., Golper, T.A. (eds) Complications in Dialysis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44557-6_7

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