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Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases

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Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1440))

Abstract

Cholesterol is easily oxidized and can be transformed into numerous oxidation products, among which oxysterols. Phytosterols are plant sterols related to cholesterol. Both oxysterols and phytosterols can have an impact on human health and diseases.

Cholesterol is a member of the sterol family that plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized into several molecules including bile acids, hormones, and oxysterols. On the other hand, phytosterols are plant-derived compounds structurally related to cholesterol, which can also have an impact on human health. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of oxysterols and phytosterols on human health and focus on the impact of their pathways on diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), vascular diseases, and cancer in both experimental models and human studies. We will first discuss the implications of oxysterols and then of phytosterols in different human diseases.

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Abbreviations

7α,25-OHC:

7α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol

7-KC:

7-Ketocholesterol

25-OHC:

25-Hydroxycholesterol

Aβ:

Amyloid beta

ABCG:

Adenosine triphosphatase binging cassette G

ACAT2:

Acyl CoA, cholesterol acyltransferase

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ALD:

Adrenoleukodystrophy

AMN:

Adrenomyeloneuropathy

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

CAT:

Catalase

CCALD:

Childhood cerebral ALD

CCR:

C-C motif chemokine receptor

CD:

Crohn’s disease

Ch25h:

Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase

CNS:

Central nervous system

ConA:

Concanavalin A

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

CYP7B1:

Cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1

DSS:

Dextran sodium sulfate

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

EBI2:

Epstein-Barr virus-induced G-protein coupled receptor 2

EBV:

Epstein-Barr virus

EC:

Endothelial cell

EDSS:

Expanded disability status scale

ER:

Estrogen receptor

ERs:

Estrogen receptors

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

GPR183:

G-protein coupled receptor

HD:

Huntington’s disease

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel diseases

ICAM-1:

Intracellular adhesion molecule 1

ILC3:

Innate lymphoid cells

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

JAM-A:

Junction adhesion molecule-A

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

LXRs:

Liver X receptors

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemotactic protein 1

MMP-9:

Matrix metalloproteinase 9

MoDC:

Monocytes-derived dendritic cells

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

NLRP3:

NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOX:

NADPH oxygenase

NPC1L1:

Niemann Pick C1 like 1 transporter

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor-2

PARP-1:

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PMS:

Progressive multiple sclerosis

RORs:

Retinoid acid receptor

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RRMS:

Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

SCFAs:

Short-chain fatty acids

SERMs:

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase enzymes

SREBP1:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

TLR4:

Toll-like receptor 4

TNBS:

Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

UC:

Ulcerative colitis

VSMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cells

ZO-1:

Zonulin-1

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  1. Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Solenne Vigne & Caroline Pot

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  1. Solenne Vigne
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  2. Caroline Pot
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Correspondence to Caroline Pot .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry (Biochemstry of the peroxisome, inflammation and lipid metabolism), University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France

    Gérard Lizard

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Vigne, S., Pot, C. (2024). Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases. In: Lizard, G. (eds) Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1440. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_12

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