Abstract
The topic of metabolic/endocrine disorders encompasses a cornucopia of congenital and acquired phenomena affecting bone growth, density and shape. Endocrine organ over and underproduction, insufficient and excessive vitamin and mineral ingestion great impact bone structures, metabolism and function. In born errors of metabolism greatly impact bone structures, metabolism and function. They result in defects in enzyme function resulting in infiltration of bones and other tissues by stymied metabolic processes and production of abnormal proteins and lipid structures. Congenital disease includes ontological and homeobox phenomena, the latter related to altering the genes that control the sequence involved in development. Coalitions and fusions may be osseous or fibrous in character. Abnormal renal (kidney), hepatic (liver) and pancreatic function results in production of toxins or interference with metabolic functions that impact bone. Environmental exposures are additional considerations. Finally, osteological phenomena that suggest past parturition are discussed.
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Rothschild, B.M., Surmik, D., Bertozzo, F. (2023). Metabolic/Endocrine Disorders. In: Modern Paleopathology, The Study of Diagnostic Approach to Ancient Diseases, their Pathology and Epidemiology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28624-7_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28624-7_11
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