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ECMO for the Neonate

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Neonatal Anesthesia

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Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a form of heart lung bypass that is used to support neonates with cardiorespiratory failure for days or weeks until organ recovery or transplantation. Primary pulmonary hypertension, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are common indications for ECMO. Venoarterial (VA) and venovenous (VV) ECMO are the most common modes of support. The use of neonatal respiratory ECMO has been declining over the last two decades, while adult respiratory ECMO has been growing especially since the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009. This review provides an overview of ECMO use in neonates and a description of basic principles, circuit components, complications, outcomes, intraoperative conduct of anesthesia, and monitoring during surgical procedures, as well as a look into the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Omar Alibrahim

  2. Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Oishei Children’s Hospital, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Christopher M. B. Heard

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  1. Omar Alibrahim
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  2. Christopher M. B. Heard
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Correspondence to Omar Alibrahim .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia, John R. Oishei Children’s Hospitalr, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Jerrold Lerman

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Alibrahim, O., Heard, C.M.B. (2023). ECMO for the Neonate. In: Lerman, J. (eds) Neonatal Anesthesia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25358-4_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25358-4_12

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