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Leading Roles of Heparan Sulfate in Angiogenesis and Cancer

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Matrix Pathobiology and Angiogenesis

Part of the book series: Biology of Extracellular Matrix ((BEM,volume 12))

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Abstract

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a member of the broad family of linear heteropolysaccharides known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Except for hyaluronic acid, GAGs are present in tissues as proteoglycans. HS proteoglycans (HSPGs) are found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of ligands. HSPGs play important roles in cancer initiation and progression, interacting with numerous signaling pathways that affect proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and angiogenesis. Here, we describe the structural characteristics, biosynthesis, post-translational modifications, and degradation of the HS chains. We also summarize the role of HS in cell transformation and angiogenesis. This chapter should help researchers understand the multitude of mechanisms through which HS affects cancer and angiogenesis and inspire the discovery of new therapeutic approaches targeting HS-dependent pathways.

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Acknowledgements

Supported by grants from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Brazil.

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  1. Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Carla Cristina Lopes, Jessica Oyie Sousa Onyeisi, Maria Cecilia Zorél Meneghetti, Carina Mucciolo Melo, Carolina Meloni Vicente, Maria Aparecida da Silva Pinhal, Leny Toma & Helena Bonciani Nader

  2. Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil

    Carla Cristina Lopes

  3. Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luis Cesar de Azevedo

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    Evangelia Papadimitriou

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA

    Constantinos M. Mikelis

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Lopes, C.C. et al. (2023). Leading Roles of Heparan Sulfate in Angiogenesis and Cancer. In: Papadimitriou, E., Mikelis, C.M. (eds) Matrix Pathobiology and Angiogenesis. Biology of Extracellular Matrix, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19616-4_9

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