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Autophagy in Embryonic Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells

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Autophagy in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL,volume 73))

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Abstract

Autophagy is a conserved cytoprotective catabolic pathway that plays a crucial role in cellular turnover and homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. A large body of work has implicated autophagy in normal development and differentiation of mammalian cells. In particular, precise regulation of autophagy is important for the maintenance of stemness and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Extensive reports also indicate a critical role of autophagy in neural stem cells and during embryonic and adult neurogenesis. One of the critical stages of autophagy regulation occurs at the level of expression of autophagy genes. Transcription factors and chromatin modulators govern the accessibility of autophagy genes to the transcription machinery and regulate their expression. Understanding autophagy regulation in stem cells becomes critical as aberrant autophagy leads to numerous degenerative and neuropsychological diseases. This chapter aims to provide an overview of autophagy in embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells with a focus on regulation of autophagy genes in these cellular states.

D. Puri and S. Bivalkar-Mehla—These authors contributed equally.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimers disease

ATG:

Autophagy related genes

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NCS:

Neural stem cell

PTSD:

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

SGZ:

Subgranular Zone

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

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Acknowledgements

We thank members of the Subramanyam lab for discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India

    Deepika Puri, Shalmali Bivalkar-Mehla & Deepa Subramanyam

  2. Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Deepika Puri

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Correspondence to Deepa Subramanyam .

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  1. Developmental Biology Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Bhupendra V. Shravage

  2. Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Puri, D., Bivalkar-Mehla, S., Subramanyam, D. (2023). Autophagy in Embryonic Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells. In: Shravage, B.V., Turksen, K. (eds) Autophagy in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, vol 73. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17362-2_3

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