Abstract
Numerous alternative treatments are physical by nature. They often require a hands-on approach of an alternative practitioner. In this chapter, I discuss treatments that fall into this category.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Yilmaz Sahin et al. (2018).
- 2.
Li et al. (2018).
- 3.
- 4.
Ernst and Lee (2010).
- 5.
Lin et al. (2022).
- 6.
Colquhoun and Novella (2013).
- 7.
Zhao (2008).
- 8.
Ernst (2012a).
- 9.
Wang (2022).
- 10.
Acupuncture: an update of the most reliable evidence—PART 3 (edzardernst.com).
- 11.
Ernst et al. (2011a).
- 12.
Woodman and Moore (2012).
- 13.
O’Neill et al. (2015).
- 14.
MacPherson et al. (2015).
- 15.
Posadzki et al. (2013a).
- 16.
Cooke and Ernst (2000).
- 17.
Czakert et al. (2022).
- 18.
Posadzki et al. (2012).
- 19.
- 20.
- 21.
Lee et al. (2008).
- 22.
Usishenko et al. (2022).
- 23.
Tan et al. (2014).
- 24.
Doo et al. (2015).
- 25.
Lim and Lee (2015).
- 26.
- 27.
- 28.
- 29.
Marr et al. (2011).
- 30.
Mirtz et al. (2009).
- 31.
Ernst (2008).
- 32.
Ernst (2009a).
- 33.
Stevinson and Ernst (2002).
- 34.
Chiropractic: Not All That It's Cracked Up to Be: Amazon.co.uk: Ernst, Edzard: 9,783,030,531,171: Books.
- 35.
Langworthy and Cambron (2007).
- 36.
Ernst (2012b).
- 37.
Haller et al. (2019).
- 38.
Raith et al. (2016).
- 39.
Bridgett et al. (2018).
- 40.
Wang et al. (2017).
- 41.
Li et al. (2017).
- 42.
Lee et al. (2010a).
- 43.
Wang et al. (2018).
- 44.
Xing et al. (2020).
- 45.
AlBedah et al. (2015).
- 46.
Dorn Method Practitioner and Trainer, Brigitte Nath, Stratford upon Avon, UK.
- 47.
The Dorn Method—About Dorn Method (dorn-method.com).
- 48.
Hornibrook (2012).
- 49.
Ernst (2004).
- 50.
ETIOPATHY: A method using only manual techniques; to treat dysfunctions of the body—The Lahore Times (lhrtimes.com).
- 51.
What is etiopathy? And what are the benefits? (healthnwellness.co.uk).
- 52.
Lötzke et al. (2015).
- 53.
Michalsen et al. (2021).
- 54.
Buchanan et al. (2014).
- 55.
Buchanan et al. (2014).
- 56.
- 57.
Paolucci et al. (2017).
- 58.
Ahmadi et al. (2020).
- 59.
Teixeira-Machado et al. (2015).
- 60.
Hillier and Worley (2015).
- 61.
Kjellgren and Westman (2014).
- 62.
Jonsson and Kjellgren (2016).
- 63.
Lam et al. (2015).
- 64.
Wang et al. (2019).
- 65.
Ren et al. (2018).
- 66.
Wiwanitkit (2017).
- 67.
Park et al. (2021).
- 68.
Aprile et al. (2015).
- 69.
Ernst and Pittler (2006).
- 70.
Kuge et al. (2013).
- 71.
Ghavami et al. (2019).
- 72.
Lamke et al. (2014).
- 73.
Searls and Fawcett (2011).
- 74.
Millspaugh et al. (2021).
- 75.
Ofner et al. (2014).
- 76.
Ofner et al. (2018).
- 77.
Williams et al. (2012).
- 78.
Mostafavifar et al. (2012).
- 79.
Nelson (2016).
- 80.
Parreira Pdo et al. (2014).
- 81.
Li et al. (2022).
- 82.
Pinheiro et al. (2021).
- 83.
An Introduction to Lian Gong Shi Ba Fa (練功十八法) | Don Tow's Website.
- 84.
Lopes AL, Lemos SMA, Figueiredo PHS, Gonçalves DU, Santos JN. Lian gong as a Therapeutic Treatment Option in Primary Care for Patients with Dizziness: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Dec 8;25(4):e509-e516. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718956. PMID: 34,737,821; PMCID: PMC8558947.
- 85.
Ezzo et al. (2015).
- 86.
Provencher et al. (2021).
- 87.
Pittler et al. (2007).
- 88.
Fox et al. (2006).
- 89.
- 90.
Fox et al. (2006).
- 91.
Posadzki et al. (2013a).
- 92.
Miake-Lye et al. (2016).
- 93.
Ernst (2009b).
- 94.
Coelho et al. (2008).
- 95.
Wu et al. (2021).
- 96.
Samuel et al. (2021).
- 97.
Ernst (2003).
- 98.
Choi et al. (2015).
- 99.
Choi et al. (2011).
- 100.
Lee et al. (2010b).
- 101.
Lee et al. (2010c).
- 102.
Yuan et al. (2022).
- 103.
Yao et al. (2022).
- 104.
Park et al. (2010).
- 105.
Naprapathy: a lot of it looks just like quackery to me (edzardernst.com).
- 106.
Dr. Charles E. Greer, Naprapath (drcharlesegreernaprapath.com).
- 107.
Naprapathy re-visited … but it’s still not evidence-based (edzardernst.com).
- 108.
Still (1899).
- 109.
- 110.
Licciardone et al. (2005).
- 111.
Posadzki and Ernst (2011a).
- 112.
Posadzki et al. (2013b).
- 113.
Jonas (2018).
- 114.
Goodbye | body + soul (bodyandsoul.com.au).
- 115.
Hydration Expert
Womb Healer on Instagram: "
Perineum Sunning PART 2
I was recently interviewed for an article on this, so I thought I’d share more: Perineum sunning is an ancient…". - 116.
Kwok et al. (2021).
- 117.
Kamioka et al. (2016).
- 118.
Rodríguez-Fuentes et al. (2022).
- 119.
Mazzarino et al. (2015).
- 120.
- 121.
Lambert et al. (2019).
- 122.
Orr and Forman (1979).
- 123.
- 124.
Downe (2005).
- 125.
- 126.
Heape (1984).
- 127.
- 128.
Ernst et al. (2011b).
- 129.
Huang et al. (2021).
- 130.
Wang et al. (2020).
- 131.
- 132.
Rolf (1990).
- 133.
Jones (2004).
- 134.
Ernst et al. (1990).
- 135.
Zaccardi et al. (2017).
- 136.
Laukkanen et al. (2018).
- 137.
Long (2008).
- 138.
Long and Mackay (2003).
- 139.
Harorani et al. (2021).
- 140.
Robinson et al. (2011).
- 141.
Long et al. (2009).
- 142.
Wada et al. (2005).
- 143.
- 144.
- 145.
Ernst (2008).
- 146.
Nim et al. (2021).
- 147.
Gyer etal. (2022).
- 148.
Rubinstein et al. (2012).
- 149.
Rubinstein et al. (2011).
- 150.
Posadzki and Ernst (2011b).
- 151.
Stevinson and Ernst (2002).
- 152.
De Zoete et al. (2021).
- 153.
Chow et al. (2017).
- 154.
Song et al. (2018).
- 155.
Yang et al. (2018).
- 156.
Ćwiękała-Lewis et al. (2017).
- 157.
Zhang et al. (2022).
- 158.
Cai et al. (2022).
- 159.
Lee and Ernst (2012).
- 160.
Russell (1994).
- 161.
Mehling et al. (2005).
- 162.
Uemoto et al. (2013).
- 163.
Moraska et al. (2017).
- 164.
Espejo-Antúnez et al. (2017).
- 165.
Liu et al. (2015).
- 166.
Moraska et al. (2015).
- 167.
Guzmán-Pavón et al. (2022).
- 168.
Wei et al. (2017).
- 169.
Xia et al. (2014).
- 170.
Poon et al. (2020).
- 171.
Robert (2019).
- 172.
Vandenburg and Braun (2017).
- 173.
Vibroacoustic Therapy: (vibroacoustics.org).
- 174.
Vibroacoustic Sound Therapy: introducing the “healthy vibration of cells” into the body (edzardernst.com).
- 175.
- 176.
- 177.
Guillaud et al. (2018).
- 178.
Womb Healer on Instagram: "
Perineum Sunning PART 2
I was recently interviewed for an article on this, so I thought I’d share more: Perineum sunning is an ancient…".References
Ahmadi H, Adib H, Selk-Ghaffari M, Shafizad M, Moradi S, Madani Z, Partovi G, Mahmoodi A (2020) Comparison of the effects of the Feldenkrais method versus core stability exercise in the management of chronic low back pain: a randomised control trial. Clin Rehabil 34(12):1449–1457
AlBedah A, Khalil M, Elolemy A, Hussein AA, AlQaed M, Al Mudaiheem A, Abutalib RA, Bazaid FM, Bafail AS, Essa A, Bakrain MY (2015) The use of wet cupping for persistent nonspecific low back pain: randomized controlled clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med 21(8):504–508
Aprile A, Pomara C, Turillazzi E (2015) Gua Sha a traditional Chinese healing technique that could mimick physical abuse: a potential issue with forensic implications. Case Study. Forensic Sci Int 249:e19–e20
Bridgett R, Klose P, Duffield R, Mydock S, Lauche R (2018) Effects of cupping therapy in amateur and professional athletes: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Altern Complement Med 24(3):208–219
Buchanan PA, Nelsen NL, Geletta S (2014) United States guild certified Feldenkrais Teachers®: a survey of characteristics and practice patterns. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:217
Cai Q, Cai SB, Chen JK, Bai XH, Jing CX, Zhang X, Li JQ (2022) Tai Chi for anxiety and depression symptoms in cancer, stroke, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 46:101510
Choi TY, Kim TH, Kang JW, Lee MS, Ernst E (2011) Moxibustion for rheumatic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 30(7):937–945
Choi TY, Lee MS, Ernst E (2015) Moxibustion for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Support Care Cancer 23(6):1819–1826
Chow TH, Lee BY, Ang ABF, Cheung VYK, Ho MMC, Takemura S (2017) The effect of Chinese martial arts Tai Chi Chuan on prevention of osteoporosis: a systematic review. J Orthop Translat 12:74–84
Coelho HF, Boddy K, Ernst E (2008) Massage therapy for the treatment of depression: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract 62(2):325–333
Colquhoun D, Novella SP (2013) Acupuncture is theatrical placebo. Anesth Analg 116(6):1360–1363
Cooke B, Ernst E (2000) Aromatherapy: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 50(455):493–496
Ćwiękała-Lewis KJ, Gallek M, Taylor-Piliae RE (2017) The effects of Tai Chi on physical function and well-being among persons with Parkinson’s Disease: a systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 21(2):414–421
Czakert J, Stritter W, Blakeslee SB, Seifert G (2022) Plant fragrances are like music for our senses: a scoping review of aromatherapy in gynecologic cancers and breast cancer care. J Integr Complement Med. https://doi.org/10.1089/jicm.2021.0368
de Zoete A, Rubinstein SM, de Boer MR, Ostelo R, Underwood M, Hayden JA, Buffart LM, van Tulder MW, International IPD-SMT Group (2021) The effect of spinal manipulative therapy on pain relief and function in patients with chronic low back pain: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 112:121–134
Doo KH, Lee JH, Cho SY, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM, Ko CN, Kim H, Park HJ, Park SU (2015) A prospective open-label study of combined treatment for Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease using acupuncture and bee venom acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment. J Altern Complement Med 21(10):598–603
Downe S (2005) Rebirthing midwifery. RCM Midwives 8(8):346–349
Ernst E, Pecho E, Wirz P, Saradeth T (1990) Regular sauna bathing and the incidence of common colds. Ann Med 22(4):225–227
Ernst E (2003) The safety of massage therapy. Rheumatology 42(9):1101–1106
Ernst E (2004) Ear candles: a triumph of ignorance over science. J Laryngol Otol 118(1):1–2
Ernst E (2008) Chiropractic: a critical evaluation. J Pain Symptom Manage 35(5):544–562
Ernst E (2009a) Chiropractic maintenance treatment, a useful preventative approach? Prev Med 49(2–3):99–100
Ernst E (2009b) Massage therapy for cancer palliation and supportive care: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Support Care Cancer 17(4):333–337
Ernst E (2012a) Acupuncture: what does the most reliable evidence tell us? An Update. J Pain Symptom Manage 43(2):e11–e13
Ernst MD (2012b) Craniosacral therapy: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Focus Altern Complement Ther 17(4)
Ernst E, Lee MS (2010) Acupressure: an overview of systematic reviews. J Pain Symptom Manage 40(4):e3–e7
Ernst E, Pittler MH (2006) Celebrity-based medicine. Med J Aust 185(11–12):680–681
Ernst E, Lee MS, Choi TY (2011a) Acupuncture: does it alleviate pain and are there serious risks? A review of reviews. Pain 152(4):755–764
Ernst E, Posadzki P, Lee MS (2011b) Reflexology: an update of a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Maturitas 68(2):116–120
Espejo-Antúnez L, Tejeda JF, Albornoz-Cabello M, Rodríguez-Mansilla J, de la Cruz-Torres B, Ribeiro F, Silva AG (2017) Dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger points: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 33:46–57
Ezzo J, Manheimer E, McNeely ML, Howell DM, Weiss R, Johansson KI, Bao T, Bily L, Tuppo CM, Williams AF, Karadibak D (2015) Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5:CD003475
Fox M, Dickens A, Greaves C, Dixon M, James M (2006) Marma therapy for stroke rehabilitation—a pilot study. J Rehabil Med 38(4):268–271
Ghavami H, Shamsi SA, Abdollahpoor B, Radfar M, Khalkhali HR (2019) Impact of hot stone massage therapy on sleep quality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial. J Res Med Sci 24:71
Guillaud A, Darbois N, Monvoisin R, Pinsault N (2018) Reliability of diagnosis and clinical efficacy of visceral osteopathy: a systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 18:65
Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Torres-Costoso AI, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Álvarez-Bueno C (2022) Effect of manual therapy interventions on range of motion among individuals with myofascial trigger points: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Med (Malden, Mass.) 23(1):137–143
Gyer G, Michael J, Inklebarger J, Ibne Alam I (2022) Effects of biomechanical parameters of spinal manipulation: a critical literature review. J Integr Med 20(1):4–12
Haller H, Lauche R, Sundberg T, Dobos G, Cramer H (2019) Craniosacral therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21(1):1
Harorani M, Garshasbi M, Sediqi M, Farahani Z, Habibi D, Farahani M, Amini N, Velashjerdi Z (2021) The effect of Shiatsu massage on agitation in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized controlled trial. Heart Lung J Critical Care 50(6):893–897
Heape SE (1984) Empyrean rebirthing: miracle or menace? J Relig Health 23(3):229–236
Hillier S, Worley A (2015) The effectiveness of the feldenkrais method: a systematic review of the evidence. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015:752160
Hornibrook J (2012) Where there’s smoke there’s fire–ear candling in a 4-year-old girl. N Z Med J 125(1367):138–140
Huang HC, Chen KH, Kuo SF, Chen IH (2021) Can foot reflexology be a complementary therapy for sleep disturbances? Evidence appraisal through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Adv Nurs 77(4):1683–1697
Jonas C (2018) Musculoskeletal therapies: osteopathic manipulative treatment. FP Essent 470:11–15
Jones TA (2004) Rolfing. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 15:799–809
Jonsson K, Kjellgren A (2016) Promising effects of treatment with flotation-REST (restricted environmental stimulation technique) as an intervention for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): a randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 16:108
Kamioka H, Tsutani K, Katsumata Y, Yoshizaki T, Okuizumi H, Okada S, Park SJ, Kitayuguchi J, Abe T, Mutoh Y (2016) Effectiveness of pilates exercise: a quality evaluation and summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 25:1–19
Kjellgren A, Westman J (2014) Beneficial effects of treatment with sensory isolation in flotation-tank as a preventive health-care intervention—a randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:417
Kuge H, Mori H, Tanaka TH, Hanyu K, Morisawa T (2013) Difference between the effects of one-site and three-site abdominal hot-stone stimulation on the skin-temperature changes of the lower limbs. J Integr Med 11(5):314–319
Kwok BC, Lim J, Kong PW (2021) The theoretical framework of the clinical pilates exercise method in managing non-specific chronic low back pain: a narrative review. Biology 10(11):1096
Lam CT, Tse SH, Chan ST, Tam JK, Yuen JW (2015) A survey on the prevalence and utilization characteristics of gua sha in the Hong Kong community. Complement Ther Med 23(1):46–54
Lambert J, Ouellet N, Boucher D (2019) Effet d’une intervention en polarité sur l’insomnie et l’anxiété de femmes québécoises d’âge moyen [The effect of a polarity intervention on the insomnia and anxiety in middle-aged Quebec women]. Rech Soins Infirm 136:43–53
Lamke D, Catlin A, Mason-Chadd M (2014) “Not just a theory”: the relationship between Jin Shin Jyutsu® self-care training for nurses and stress, physical health, emotional health, and caring efficacy. J Holist Nurs 32(4):278–289
Langworthy JM, Cambron J (2007) Consent: its practices and implications in United Kingdom and United States chiropractic practice. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 30(6):419–431
Laukkanen T, Kunutsor SK, Khan H, Willeit P, Zaccardi F, Laukkanen JA (2018) Sauna bathing is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality and improves risk prediction in men and women: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 16(1):219. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1198-0
Lee MS, Ernst E (2012) Systematic reviews of Tai Chi: an overview. Br J Sports Med 46(10):713–718
Lee MS, Shin BC, Suen LK, Park TY, Ernst E (2008) Auricular acupuncture for insomnia: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract 62(11):1744–1752
Lee MS, Choi TY, Shin BC, Han CH, Ernst E (2010a) Cupping for stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review. J Neurol Sci 294(1–2):70–73
Lee MS, Choi TY, Kang JW, Lee BJ, Ernst E (2010b) Moxibustion for treating pain: a systematic review. Am J Chin Med 38(5):829–838
Lee MS, Choi TY, Park JE, Ernst E (2010c) Effects of moxibustion for constipation treatment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Chin Med 5:28
Li L, Zheng Y, He C, Zhao Y (2022) Efficacy and safety of kinesiology tape for hemiplegic shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 35(1):35–46
Li JQ, Guo W, Sun ZG, Huang QS, Lee EY, Wang Y, Yao XD (2017) Cupping therapy for treating knee osteoarthritis: the evidence from systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 28:152–160
Li LW, Harris RE, Tsodikov A, Struble L, Murphy SL (2018) Self-acupressure for older adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (hoboken) 70(2):221–229
Licciardone JC, Brimhall AK, King LN (2005) Osteopathic manipulative treatment for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 6:43
Lim SM, Lee SH (2015) Effectiveness of bee venom acupuncture in alleviating post-stroke shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Med 13(4):241–247
Lin J, Chen T, He J, Chung RC, Ma H, Tsang H (2022) Impacts of acupressure treatment on depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry 12(1):169–186
Liu L, Huang QM, Liu QG, Ye G, Bo CZ, Chen MJ, Li P (2015) Effectiveness of dry needling for myofascial trigger points associated with neck and shoulder pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 96(5):944–955
Long AF (2008) The effectiveness of shiatsu: findings from a cross-European, prospective observational study. J Altern Complement Med 14(8):921–930
Long AF, Mackay HC (2003) The effects of shiatsu: findings from a two-country exploratory study. J Altern Complement Med 9(4):539–547
Long AF, Esmonde L, Connolly S (2009) A typology of negative responses: a case study of shiatsu. Complement Ther Med 17(3):168–175
Lötzke D, Heusser P, Büssing A (2015) A systematic literature review on the effectiveness of eurythmy therapy. J Integr Med 13(4):217–230
MacPherson H, Tilbrook H, Richmond S, Woodman J, Ballard K, Atkin K, Bland M, Eldred J, Essex H, Hewitt C, Hopton A, Keding A, Lansdown H, Parrott S, Torgerson D, Wenham A, Watt I (2015) Alexander technique lessons or acupuncture sessions for persons with chronic neck pain: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 163(9):653–662
Marr M, Baker J, Lambon N, Perry J (2011) The effects of the Bowen technique on hamstring flexibility over time: a randomised controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 15(3):281–290
Mazzarino M, Kerr D, Wajswelner H, Morris ME (2015) Pilates method for women’s health: systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 96(12):2231–2242
Mehling WE, DiBlasi Z, Hecht F (2005) Bias control in trials of bodywork: a review of methodological issues. J Altern Complement Med 11(2):333–342
Miake-Lye I, Lee J, Lugar T, Taylor S, Shanman R, Beroes J, Shekelle P (2016) Massage for pain: an evidence map. VA evidence-based synthesis program reports. Department of Veterans Affairs (US), Washington (DC)
Michalsen A, Jeitler M, Kessler CS, Steckhan N, Robens S, Ostermann T, Kandil FI, Stankewitz J, Berger B, Jung S, Kröz M, Büssing A (2021) Yoga, eurythmy therapy and standard physiotherapy (YES-trial) for patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a three-armed randomized controlled trial. J Pain 22(10):1233–1245
Millspaugh J, Errico C, Mortimer S, Kowalski MO, Chiu S, Reifsnyder C (2021) Jin Shin Jyutsu® self-help reduces nurse stress: a randomized controlled study. J Holistic Nurs: off J Am Holistic Nurs Assoc 39(1):4–15
Mirtz TA, Morgan L, Wyatt LH, Greene L (2009) An epidemiological examination of the subluxation construct using Hill’s criteria of causation. Chiropr Osteopat 2(17):13
Moraska AF, Stenerson L, Butryn N, Krutsch JP, Schmiege SJ, Mann JD (2015) Myofascial trigger point-focused head and neck massage for recurrent tension-type headache: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin J Pain 31(2):159–168
Moraska AF, Schmiege SJ, Mann JD, Butryn N, Krutsch JP (2017) Responsiveness of myofascial trigger points to single and multiple trigger point release massages: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 96(9):639–645
Mostafavifar M, Wertz J, Borchers J (2012) A systematic review of the effectiveness of kinesio taping for musculoskeletal injury. Phys Sportsmed 40(4):33–40
Nelson NL (2016) Kinesio taping for chronic low back pain: a systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 20(3):672–681
Nim CG, Downie A, O’Neill S, Kawchuk GN, Perle SM, Leboeuf-Yde C (2021) The importance of selecting the correct site to apply spinal manipulation when treating spinal pain: Myth or reality? A systematic review. Sci Rep 11(1):23415
Ofner M, Kastner A, Wallenboeck E, Pehn R, Schneider F, Groell R, Szolar D, Walach H, Litscher G, Sandner-Kiesling A (2014) Manual khalifa therapy improves functional and morphological outcome of patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in the knee: a randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2014:462840
Ofner M, Kastner A, Schwarzl G, Schwameder H, Alexander N, Strutzenberger G, Walach H (2018) RegentK and physiotherapy support knee function after anterior cruciate ligament rupture without surgery after 1 year: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Med Res 25(1):30–37
O’Neill MM, Anderson DI, Allen DD, Ross C, Hamel KA (2015) Effects of Alexander technique training experience on gait behavior in older adults. J Bodyw Mov Ther 19(3):473–481
Orr L, Forman B (1979) Rebirthing: an assertive and spiritual approach to healing. Assertive Nurse 2(1):1–3
Paolucci T, Zangrando F, Iosa M, De Angelis S, Marzoli C, Piccinini G, Saraceni VM (2017) Improved interoceptive awareness in chronic low back pain: a comparison of Back school versus Feldenkrais method. Disabil Rehabil 39(10):994–1001
Park SW, Kwak HB, Lee SK, Jung ES, Park SK, Lee J, Lee HS, Yun SK, Kim HU, Park J (2021) Cutaneous Mycobacterium massiliense infection caused by skin coining “Gua Sha” in Korean healthy female. Ann Dermatol 33(6):572–576
Park JE, Lee SS, Lee MS, Choi SM, Ernst E (2010) Adverse events of moxibustion: a systematic review. Complement Ther Med 18(5):215–223
Parreira Pdo C, Costa Lda C, Hespanhol LC Jr, Lopes AD, Costa LO (2014) Current evidence does not support the use of Kinesio taping in clinical practice: a systematic review. J Physiother 60(1):31–39
Pinheiro YT, Silva ERL, de Almeida Silva HJ, de Araújo T, da Silva RS, de Souza MC, de Almeida Lins CA (2021) Does current evidence support the use of kinesiology taping in people with knee osteoarthritis? Explore 17(6):574–577
Pittler MH, Brown EM, Ernst E (2007) Static magnets for reducing pain: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. CMAJ 177(7):736–742
Poon GM, Wong KL, Chen H, Saggi SS, Lai M, Wong MK, Chan D (2020) Cervical spine fracture after a bone cracking traditional (Tui Na) massage. Ann Acad Med Singapore 49(11):915–918
Posadzki P, Ernst E (2011a) Osteopathy for musculoskeletal pain patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Rheumatol 30(2):285–291
Posadzki P, Ernst E (2011b) Spinal manipulation: an update of a systematic review of systematic reviews. N Z Med J 124(1340):55–71
Posadzki P, Alotaibi A, Ernst E (2012) Adverse effects of aromatherapy: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Int J Risk Saf Med 24(3):147–161
Posadzki P, Watson LK, Alotaibi A, Ernst E (2013a) Prevalence of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by patients/consumers in the UK: systematic review of surveys. Clin Med 13(2):126–131
Posadzki P, Lee MS, Ernst E (2013b) Osteopathic manipulative treatment for pediatric conditions: a systematic review. Pediatrics 132(1):140–152
Provencher AM, Giguère-Lemieux É, Croteau É, Ruchat SM, Corbin-Berrigan LA (2021) The use of manual lymphatic drainage on clinical presentation of musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 45:101469
Raith W, Marschik PB, Sommer C, Maurer-Fellbaum U, Amhofer C, Avian A, Löwenstein E, Soral S, Müller W, Einspieler C, Urlesberger B (2016) General movements in preterm infants undergoing craniosacral therapy: a randomised controlled pilot-trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 13(16):12
Ren Q, Yu X, Liao F, Chen X, Yan D, Nie H, Fang J, Yang M, Zhou X (2018) Effects of Gua Sha therapy on perimenopausal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 31:268–277
Robert M (2019) Second-degree burn sustained after vaginal steaming. J Obstetrics Gynaecol Canada: JOGC 41(6):838–839
Robinson N, Lorenc A, Liao X (2011) The evidence for Shiatsu: a systematic review of Shiatsu and acupressure. BMC Complement Altern Med 7(11):88
Rodríguez-Fuentes G, Silveira-Pereira L, Ferradáns-Rodríguez P, Campo-Prieto P (2022) Therapeutic effects of the pilates method in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. J Clin Med 11(3):683
Rolf IP (1990) Rolfing and physical reality. Inner Traditions/Bear
Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (2011) Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD008112
Rubinstein SM, Terwee CB, Assendelft WJ, de Boer MR, van Tulder MW (2012) Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD008880
Russell JK (1994) Bodywork–the art of touch. Nurse Pract Forum 5(2):85–90
Samuel SR, Gururaj R, Kumar KV, Vira P, Saxena P, Keogh J (2021) Randomized control trial evidence for the benefits of massage and relaxation therapy on sleep in cancer survivors-a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv Res Pract 15(5):799–810
Searls K, Fawcett J (2011) Effect of Jin Shin Jyutsu energy medicine treatments on women diagnosed with breast cancer. J Holist Nurs 29(4):270–278
Song S, Yu J, Ruan Y, Liu X, Xiu L, Yue X (2018) Ameliorative effects of Tai Chi on cancer-related fatigue: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Support Care Cancer 26(7):2091–2102
Stevinson C, Ernst E (2002) Risks associated with spinal manipulation. Am J Med 112(7):566–571
Still AT (1899) Philosophy of osteopathy. Edward Brothers Inc., Ann Arbor
Tan JY, Molassiotis A, Wang T, Suen LK (2014) Adverse events of auricular therapy: a systematic review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014:506758
Teixeira-Machado L, Araújo FM, Cunha FA, Menezes M, Menezes T, Melo DeSantana J (2015) Feldenkrais method-based exercise improves quality of life in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a controlled, randomized clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med 21(1):8–14
Uemoto L, Nascimento de Azevedo R, Almeida Alfaya T, Nunes Jardim Reis R, Depes de Gouvêa CV, Cavalcanti Garcia MA (2013) Myofascial trigger point therapy: laser therapy and dry needling. Curr Pain Headache Rep 17(9):357
Usichenko TI, Hua K, Cummings M, Nowak A, Hahnenkamp K, Brinkhaus B, Dietzel J (2022) Auricular stimulation for preoperative anxiety—A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Clin Anesth 76:110581
Vandenburg T, Braun V (2017) “Basically, it’s sorcery for your vagina”: unpacking Western representations of vaginal steaming. Cult Health Sex 19(4):470–485
Wada Y, Yanagihara C, Nishimura Y (2005) Internal jugular vein thrombosis associated with shiatsu massage of the neck. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76(1):142–143
Wang YT, Qi Y, Tang FY, Li FM, Li QH, Xu CP, Xie GP, Sun HT (2017) The effect of cupping therapy for low back pain: a meta-analysis based on existing randomized controlled trials. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 30(6):1187–1195
Wang WL, Hung HY, Chen YR, Chen KH, Yang SN, Chu CM, Chan YY (2020) Effect of foot reflexology intervention on depression, anxiety, and sleep quality in adults: a meta-analysis and metaregression of randomized controlled trials. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med: Ecam 2020:2654353
Wang L, Xian J, Sun M, Wang X, Zang X, Zhang X, Yu H, Tan QW (2022) Acupuncture for emotional symptoms in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 17(1):e0263166
Wang X, Jia B, Zhong H, Huang X, Chen R, Yang J (2019) Effects of Gua Sha therapy on weightlifting training: a randomized trial. J Tradit Chin Med = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan 39(4):575–581
Wang YL, An CM, Song S, Lei FL, Wang Y (2018) Cupping therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a synthesis of evidence. Complement Med Res 25(4):249–255
Wei X, Wang S, Li L, Zhu L (2017) Clinical evidence of Chinese massage therapy (Tui Na) for Cervical Radiculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 9519285:10p
Williams S, Whatman C, Hume PA, Sheerin K (2012) Kinesio taping in treatment and prevention of sports injuries: a meta-analysis of the evidence for its effectiveness. Sports Med 42(2):153–164
Wiwanitkit V (2017) Culture-bounded skin lesion—a case due to Chinese Gua Sha. Indian J Dermatol 62(4):441
Woodman JP, Moore NR (2012) Evidence for the effectiveness of Alexander technique lessons in medical and health-related conditions: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pract 66(1):98–112
Wu Q, Zhao J, Guo W (2021) Efficacy of massage therapy in improving outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 46:101522
Xia QC, Feng ZX, Ping CX (2014) Evaluating the efficacy of Tui Na in treatment of childhood anorexia: a meta-analysis. Altern Ther Health Med 20(5):45–52
Xing M, Ding X, Zhang J, Kuai L, Ru Y, Sun X, Ma T, Miao X, Liu L, Wang Y, Li B, Li X (2020) Moving cupping therapy for plaque psoriasis: A PRISMA-compliant study of 16 randomized controlled trials. Medicine 99(41):e22539
Yang YL, Wang YH, Wang SR, Shi PS (2018) Wang C The effect of Tai Chi on cardiorespiratory fitness for coronary disease rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 8:1091
Yao Z, Xu Z, Xu T, Liu X, Xu S, Wan C, Zhou X (2022) Moxibustion for alleviating chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 46:101527
Yilmaz Sahin S, Iyigun E, Can MF (2018) Effect of acupressure application to the P6 acupoint before laparoscopic cholecystectomy on postoperative nausea-vomiting: a randomized controlled clinical study. Int J Nurs Stud 87:40–48
Yuan T, Xiong J, Wang X, Yang J, Jiang Y, Zhou X, Liao K, Xu L (2022) Indirect moxibustion for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 64:102804
Zaccardi F, Laukkanen T, Willeit P, Kunutsor SK, Kauhanen J, Laukkanen JA (2017) Sauna bathing and incident hypertension: a prospective cohort study. Am J Hypertens 30(11):1120–1125
Zhang F, Zhao J, Jiang N, Zhai Q, Hu J, Zhang J (2022) Meta-analysis of Tai Chi Chuan in treating lumbar spondylosis and back pain. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022:2759977
Zhao ZQ (2008) Neural mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia. Prog Neurobiol 85(4):355–375
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ernst, E. (2022). Physical Therapies. In: Alternative Medicine. Copernicus Books . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10710-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10710-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-10709-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-10710-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)