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A Synopsis of Emerging Blood Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury Critical Care, and Recovery: General Overview

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Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care

Abstract

In the field of biomarkers nowadays, it is possible to have valid, unbiased detection of novel biomarkers in wide range of clinical research, and from plasma. Researches dealing with biomarkers are mostly focused on detailed exploration of plasma proteome at novel depth and identify the detailed biological insights for emerging biomarker discovery. The emerging biomarkers should provide unbiased analysis with novel depth of many relevant proteins, they should have unmatched specificity and quantitative precision, high capacity, and be easily accessible. Further, they should provide characteristic biological indicators that are used to identify (indirect changes) physical damage or disorders of physiological processes in humans or animals. The enhanced and empowered potentials should be therefore provided in the field of detection, diagnostics, prognostics, and intervention direction should be crucial in the field of trauma, injury critical care, and recovery. Lately, researchers and clinicians have intensively worked on identifying novel biomarkers and consequently testing them for everyday clinical practice use. This chapter presents various definition, classifications, and utilization of emerging biomarkers in trauma, injury critical care, and recovery. The chapter provides an overview of the key features and benefits of next-generation biomarkers discovery solutions in the field of cardiovascular critical care, COVID-19, and biomarkers of infection in critical care. The chapter elaborates on deep level the clinical application possibilities quantification and analysis that can be performed by the emerging biomarkers. Further, the chapter presents how we identify the most promising and actionable biomarkers for research and clinical decision-making. Finally, different types of emerging biomarkers in trauma, injury critical care, and recovery are presented. Clearly, as our knowledge in evidence-based medicine is growing, it is necessary for biomarker research to grow along. Hence, the search for novel biomarkers will continue and intensify and provide new information.

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Abbreviations

ACE2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

AMI:

Acute myocardial infarction

cfDNA:

Cell-free DNA

COVID-19:

Coronavirus disease

cTnI:

Cardiac troponin I

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

GDF-15:

Growth differentiation factor

H3Cit:

Citrullinated histone 3

H-FABP:

Heart-type fatty acid binding protein

HMGB1:

High-mobility group box protein 1

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

MPO:

DNA complexes

MT:

Metallothioneins

MXR:

Multixenobiotic resistance

NETs:

Neutrophil extracellular traps

PD:

Pharmacodynamic

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SARS-CoV-2:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

SIRS:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

sST2:

Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2

suPAR:

Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor

TREM-1:

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Methodological Principles and Standards of Integrated Health Information System and Reporting, National Institute of Public Health of Serbia “Dr Milan Jovanovic Batut”, Belgrade, Serbia

    Jelena Milic

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Editorial Office of Journal “Medicinar”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Dunja Stankic

Authors
  1. Jelena Milic
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  2. Dunja Stankic
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

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Milic, J., Stankic, D. (2023). A Synopsis of Emerging Blood Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury Critical Care, and Recovery: General Overview. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07395-3_2

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