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Prostate

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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound

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Abstract

Ultrasonography is currently one leading method in prostate imaging. Modern ultrasound machines are equipped with high-frequency intracavitary probes that permit detailed view of the gland structure. However, precise volume measurements, evaluation of margins, echostructure, vascular pattern, quantitative data of blood flow, and other parameters exhibit low specificity. The changes that occur in prostate cancer may be also detected in benign hyperplasia and inflammatory process. Only 40% of routinely detected suspicious lesions on the periphery of the prostate prove to be malignant. It is well known that the density of microvessels is associated with prostate cancer. Doppler modes are limited to detection of blood flow in vessels of the caliber larger than 1 mm. True diameter of tumor microvessels ranges from 10 to 50 μm (1 μm equals to 0.001 mm) while the average size of ultrasound contrast microbubbles is 1.9–2.5 μm. This fact enables contrast-enhanced ultrasound to detect minimal changes in prostate blood microvasculature, which is not available with Doppler modes. Prostate malignancies are typically characterized with focal asymmetric enhancement, fast wash-in and wash-out.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russian Federation

    Munir G. Tukhbatullin & Natalya I. Bayazova

  2. Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russian Federation

    Marat Z. Khasanov & Elena E. Fomina

Authors
  1. Munir G. Tukhbatullin
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  2. Marat Z. Khasanov
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  3. Elena E. Fomina
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  4. Natalya I. Bayazova
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Munir G. Tukhbatullin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Visual and Functional Diagnostics, Federal State Budget Institution National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Moscow, Russia

    Alexander N. Sencha

  2. Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital “RZD-Medicina”, Yaroslavl, Russia

    Yury N. Patrunov

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Tukhbatullin, M.G., Khasanov, M.Z., Fomina, E.E., Bayazova, N.I. (2022). Prostate. In: Sencha, A.N., Patrunov, Y.N. (eds) Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91764-7_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91764-7_11

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-91764-7

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