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Oil Spills in the Arctic

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Arctic One Health

Abstract

Oil spills are both an acute and chronic stressor to the environment, animals, and people of the Arctic. The arctic environment provides necessary and rapidly changing habitat for protected wildlife and sensitive ecosystems, which in turn provide essential resources to subsistence-based communities. Arctic waterways and communities are becoming increasingly important to other human uses including transportation, shipping, fishing, oil and gas exploration and production, research, and tourism. Many of these activities introduce increased risk of oil spills in the marine environment. Additionally, land-based oil and gas development in the Arctic leads to increased risk of terrestrial spills from production facilities, pipelines, fuel tanks, and vehicles. Spills from coastal facilities can impact terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Oil and its constituent parts can be toxic to plants, animals, and people, and large-scale spills can result in extensive long-term impacts to unique arctic environments. Understanding the impacts of oil spills, implementing strategies to minimize the likelihood of exposure to spilled oil, and planning for oil spill response and recovery will aid in reducing the severity of consequences of oil spills in the Arctic. However, prevention of spills is the best solution to protect the health of arctic people, their subsistence culture, the wildlife in the region, and the environment.

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Acknowledgments

We thank NOAA and OWCN for supporting our time and efforts dedicated to developing the text and figures for this chapter. We also thank Kate Sweeney for her beautiful illustrations depicting potential impacts of oil spills in the Arctic. We thank Barb Mahoney, Mandy Keogh, and Teri Rowles for their review and comments on illustrations. And we thank Jon Kurland, Aleria Jensen, and Mandy Lindeberg for their review of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Region, Protected Resources Division, Juneau, AK, USA

    Sadie K. Wright

  2. NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, Assessment and Restoration Division, Anchorage, AK, USA

    Sarah Allan

  3. NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Sarah M. Wilkin

  4. Oiled Wildlife Care Network, One Health Institute, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA

    Michael Ziccardi

Authors
  1. Sadie K. Wright
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  2. Sarah Allan
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  3. Sarah M. Wilkin
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  4. Michael Ziccardi
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Correspondence to Sadie K. Wright .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

    Morten Tryland

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Wright, S.K., Allan, S., Wilkin, S.M., Ziccardi, M. (2022). Oil Spills in the Arctic. In: Tryland, M. (eds) Arctic One Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87853-5_7

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