Abstract
Jute (Corchorus spp.) is a natural fibre crop with highly versatile nature and has been utilized as an ingredient in small handicraft industries to big geotextiles for commercial purposes. Lack of male sterile lines, strong sexual incompatibility between two cultivated species, compatible genomic resources for breeding purposes and narrow genetic diversity are the major drawbacks with this crop. This chapter describes jute and its improvement through germplasm collection, characterization, exploitation and utilization in breeding programme and biotechnological tools and value addition of the fibre for commercial purposes. Efforts were made to screen germplasm lines including wild relatives for yield and major biotic stress. Germplasm lines of both cultivated and wild species of jute were screened for stem rot, Bihar hairy caterpillar and nematodes and identified different resistant sources. Interspecific crosses between wild and C. olitorius generated stable resistant lines for stem rot disease. Identification of multiple disease and pest resistant lines are more valuable, as many useful traits can be introgressed easily. Non-availability of sufficient markers in jute provided limited success to understand the crop diversity, evolutionary pattern, etc. In this endeavour, efforts have been made for the development of advanced molecular marker systems such as EST-SSRs, SSRs, SNPs, RAD and InDels in past many years. Utilization of these markers for different application in jute has provided useful information related to evolutionary studies, genetic relationship, gene or QTL mapping, genetic diversity, etc. Transcriptome analysis in C. capsularis identified genes related to cellulose and lignin biosynthesis, defence-related genes, genes related to salt and drought tolerance. Due to high tensile strength and flexibility, jute fibre is being blended with other textile fibres and is utilized commercially in different textile industries. Apart from fibre, jute leaves are enriched with high nutritional value.
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Meena, K., Anil Kumar, A., Maruti, R.T. (2022). Breeding and Biotechnology of Jute. In: Priyadarshan, P., Jain, S.M. (eds) Cash Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74926-2_6
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