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Pathways, Mechanisms, and Consequences of Nutrient-Stimulated Plant Litter Decomposition in Streams

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The Ecology of Plant Litter Decomposition in Stream Ecosystems

Abstract

Excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs to streams occur globally, and affect not only stream autotrophs, but also heterotrophic microbes and detrital carbon processing. Detrital carbon, such as leaf litter, supports stream food webs and their connectivity via downstream detritus fluxes. Nutrient enrichment increases litter decomposition rates across multiple scales and trophic levels by stimulating activity of microbial decomposers and enhancing interactions among microbial decomposers, detritivores, and physical abrasion. Nutrient effects on microbial and detritivore-mediated decomposition are typically greater for recalcitrant vs. labile litter, especially when coupled to low initial nutrient concentrations. Recent studies and syntheses show that (1) dissolved N and P affect litter by stimulating fungal activity and nutrient immobilization, thus, increasing detrital nutrient content, (2) nutrient effects are greatest with N and P together (vs. individually) and when detritivores are present, and (3) ecosystem-level effects of nutrient enrichment can be predicted from small-scale measurements. Despite extensive studies of leaf litter decomposition, its application as a tool to manage nutrient enrichment issues trails comparable tools for autotrophic (i.e., algal) pathways. Thus, better understanding of the consequences of nutrient enrichment on leaf litter and other detrital carbon is important to predict how nutrients will affect stream ecosystem functioning.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA

    David W. P. Manning

  2. MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Verónica Ferreira

  3. Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA

    Vladislav Gulis

  4. Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Amy D. Rosemond

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    Christopher M. Swan

  2. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain

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  3. Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Coimbra, Portugal

    Cristina Canhoto

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Manning, D.W.P., Ferreira, V., Gulis, V., Rosemond, A.D. (2021). Pathways, Mechanisms, and Consequences of Nutrient-Stimulated Plant Litter Decomposition in Streams. In: Swan, C.M., Boyero, L., Canhoto, C. (eds) The Ecology of Plant Litter Decomposition in Stream Ecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72854-0_16

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