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The Life-Long Consequences of Prenatal and Childhood Stress on the Innate and Adaptive Immune System

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Immuno-Psychiatry

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Abstract

The immune system is composed of the innate and adaptive arms, which follow different developmental trajectories. During the maturation period, which spans from infancy up until adolescence, the immune system is sensitive to stress, a phenomenon that may be relevant to the aetiology of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. Since the immunomodulatory effects of stress also affect organs critical to the maturation of immune cells, we gathered evidence on the consequences of prenatal and childhood stress on the innate and adaptive immune systems and compared them accounting for age-dependent changes. Prenatal stress was most associated with elevated acute immune response cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 at birth and with IL-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α later in life. It also increased the production of T helper (Th) 2 lymphocytes-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Regarding childhood stress, IL-6 was generally increased and changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected after childhood trauma most consistently in the middle-aged and elderly populations. The adaptive immune system showed a dampened activity, marked by T lymphocyte senescence and lower adaptive cytokines levels. This demonstrates the influence of stress on both the innate and adaptive immune systems and highlights variations of specific molecules across the lifespan depending on when the stressor occurred during development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

    Juliette Giacobbe, Carmine M. Pariante & Alessandra Borsini

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  1. Juliette Giacobbe
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  2. Carmine M. Pariante
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  3. Alessandra Borsini
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Correspondence to Carmine M. Pariante .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Michael Berk

  2. University Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Inserm, IMRB (Translational NeuroPsychiatry lab), AP-HP, DMU IMPACT, AP-HP, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France

    Marion Leboyer

  3. UMC Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Iris E. Sommer

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Giacobbe, J., Pariante, C.M., Borsini, A. (2021). The Life-Long Consequences of Prenatal and Childhood Stress on the Innate and Adaptive Immune System. In: Berk, M., Leboyer, M., Sommer, I.E. (eds) Immuno-Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71229-7_2

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