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Conversion of Waste Cheap Petroleum Paraffinic Wax By-Products to Expensive Valuable Multiple Carbon Nanomaterials

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Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing

Part of the book series: Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering ((TMMME))

Abstract

The low atomic number of carbons, combined with the half-full shell of valence electrons and medium electronegativity, provide an important basis for strong covalent bonding to other carbon atoms and other elements. Moreover, this supports the wide differences of carbon-containing natural atoms, counting the atoms of life. Recent breakthroughs in carbon-based nanomaterials’ science and technology use paraffinic waxes as a carbon source where it consists of not less than 18 carbon number per single paraffin crystal. Paraffinic waxes are considered a cheap by-product in the petroleum refinery, which is considered a source for nanocarbon synthesis, whether it is activated nanocarbon or carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon fibers. This chapter describes the separation of paraffinic petroleum wax, its purification, and characterization, besides that, the synthesis of nanocarbon and its evaluation.

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Abbreviations

ACs:

Activated carbons

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

EPA:

Environmental protection agency

GO:

Graphene oxide

MWCNTs:

Multi wall carbon nanotubes

RGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

SWCNTs:

Single wall carbon nanotubes

TNT:

Titanium nanotube

UV:

Ultra-violet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analysis and Evaluation, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt

    Amr A. Nada, A. Hamdy & Hanaa Selim

  2. Department of Refining, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt

    Fathi S. Soliman & Heba H. El-Maghrabi

  3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt

    Gomaa A. M. Ali

  4. Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Elsayed & Mohamed E. Elmowafy

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  1. Amr A. Nada
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  2. Fathi S. Soliman
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  3. Gomaa A. M. Ali
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  4. A. Hamdy
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  5. Hanaa Selim
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  6. Mohamed A. Elsayed
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  7. Mohamed E. Elmowafy
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  8. Heba H. El-Maghrabi
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Correspondence to Amr A. Nada or Heba H. El-Maghrabi .

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  1. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt

    Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    Gomaa A. M. Ali

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Nada, A.A. et al. (2021). Conversion of Waste Cheap Petroleum Paraffinic Wax By-Products to Expensive Valuable Multiple Carbon Nanomaterials. In: Makhlouf, A.S.H., Ali, G.A.M. (eds) Waste Recycling Technologies for Nanomaterials Manufacturing. Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68031-2_25

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