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Biohydrometallurgy: A Sustainable Approach for Urban Mining of Metals and Metal Refining

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Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability

Abstract

Electronic waste (e-waste) is termed as “urban mines” due to high metal content. Metals are major components of e-waste and have a share of 61 wt% of e-waste. E-waste contains various valuable metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper, nickel, etc. Therefore, metal recovery is important to conserve the resources. Apart from this, the unregulated accumulation and improper recycling of e-waste have harmful effects on human health and environment. Therefore, environmentally friendly e-waste recycling is the need of the hour to mitigate the harmful effects. Currently, pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are the conventional processes employed for recovery of metals from e-waste. However, these technologies are non-selective and energy-intensive, employ hazardous chemicals, and produce toxic gases. Biohydrometallurgy is a promising alternative and is an eco-friendly approach to recycle e-waste as it employs microorganisms for metal recovery. Biohydrometallurgy employs different approaches such as autotrophic bacteria bioleaching, heterotrophic bacteria bioleaching, and heterotrophic fungi bioleaching for leaching of metals and has been discussed in this chapter. In addition, the refining of metals from metal leached solution has also been discussed in this chapter. The development of continuous process for metal recovery is important, and we have discussed a coiled flow inverter (CFI) reactor as a promising option for the same.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Prashant Ram Jadhao, Snigdha Mishra, Ashish Pandey, K. K. Pant & K. D. P. Nigam

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  1. Prashant Ram Jadhao
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  2. Snigdha Mishra
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  3. Ashish Pandey
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  4. K. K. Pant
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  5. K. D. P. Nigam
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Correspondence to K. K. Pant .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    K. K. Pant

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sanjay Kumar Gupta

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

    Ejaz Ahmad

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Jadhao, P.R., Mishra, S., Pandey, A., Pant, K.K., Nigam, K.D.P. (2021). Biohydrometallurgy: A Sustainable Approach for Urban Mining of Metals and Metal Refining. In: Pant, K.K., Gupta, S.K., Ahmad, E. (eds) Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65017-9_27

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