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Immuno-modulating Mediators of Colon Cancer as Immuno-therapeutic: Mechanism and Potential

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Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer is responsible for more than half of all intestinal malignancies with very high metastatic rate. Although there are vast improvement and advancement made in recent time, surgery still remains the only potentially curative treatment choice. The success of colon cancer surgery depends upon early diagnosis, and it is not an effective choice in patients with advance stage or metastatic stage. Other traditional pharmaceutical therapeutic approaches including chemo-radiotherapy are associated with non-specificity and toxicity. These treatment regimens at best reduce the death rate depending upon time of diagnosis and in metastatic stage have moderate effect on survival time. Alternative therapeutic strategies are clearly needed, and the current thrust is to explore immunotherapy. Immunotherapy in a way is a treatment regimen against a disease in which augmentation of immune response takes place. As with various different classes of advanced-stage cancer, anti-tumour immunotherapy has a broad potential against colon cancer due to its capacity to elicit long-lasting and effective responses across a wide range of tumour. The basis of success of any immunotherapy regimens is the ability of the host immune system to differentiate between “self” and “non-self” and to respond accordingly. This can be either monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated-specific immune cell activation therapy or adoptive immune cell-mediated therapy (ACT). This can be achieved by the identification of cancer-associated antigens and development of therapeutic vaccination strategies. These cancer-associated antigens are also referred to as tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) and are mostly the proteins which modulate the host immune response in favour of tumour in the particular tumour microenvironment. These TAAs can be normal proteins which are expressed in normal cells too albeit at low level or “neo-antigens” which originate due to mutation-induced alteration in normal protein, subsequently making these otherwise self-proteins immunogenic. The current chapter deals with the advancement made on the use of these various immuno-modulators as an immuno-therapeutic with special emphasis on the treatment of colon and colorectal cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India

    Chanchal Kumar & Ajay Amit

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India

    Rajat Pratap Singh

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Government Nagarjuna PG College of Science, Raipur, India

    Mrigendra Kumar Dwiwedi

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  1. Chanchal Kumar
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  2. Rajat Pratap Singh
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  3. Mrigendra Kumar Dwiwedi
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  4. Ajay Amit
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India

    Dhananjay Shukla

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India

    Naveen Kumar Vishvakarma

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Kumar, C., Singh, R.P., Dwiwedi, M.K., Amit, A. (2021). Immuno-modulating Mediators of Colon Cancer as Immuno-therapeutic: Mechanism and Potential. In: Nagaraju, G.P., Shukla, D., Vishvakarma, N.K. (eds) Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63369-1_14

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