Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinct form regulated necrotic cell death mainly characterized by the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides. The importance of this form of cell death has been recognized in several diseases. An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant molecules has been reported to play role in several pathologies and is commonly associated with worse outcomes of these maladies. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis and/or its regulators may modulate other forms of cell death leading to the induction of necro-inflammatory response and consequently organ failure. Herein, we review the major forms of necrotic cell death triggered by pathogens highlighting mechanisms in which oxidative stress and cellular antioxidants may limit or favor pathogen dissemination defining host cell fate. Specially, we discuss the role of ferroptosis and how its molecular components may modulate disease progression.
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Abbreviations
- •OH:
-
Hydroxyl Radicals
- 12-LOX:
-
12-Lipoxygenase
- 5-LO:
-
5-Lipoxygenase
- AA-PE:
-
Arachidoyl-Phosphatidylet-hanoamine
- ASC:
-
Apoptosis-Associated Speck Like Protein
- ATP:
-
Adenosine Triphosphate
- cGAMP:
-
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate
- cGAS:
-
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase
- COVID-19 :
-
Coronavirus Disease 2019
- COX-2:
-
Cyclooxygenase-2
- DAMPs:
-
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Fe2+:
-
Ferrous Iron
- Fe3+:
-
Ferric Iron
- Fer-1:
-
Ferrostatin-1
- GPX4 :
-
Glutathione Peroxidase 4
- GSDMD:
-
Gasdermin D
- GSDME:
-
Gasdermin E
- GSH :
-
Glutathione
- H2O2:
-
Hydrogen Peroxide
- HMGB1:
-
High Mobility Group Box-1
- HO-1:
-
Heme Oxygenase-1
- HSV-1:
-
Herpes Simplex Virus-1
- HXA3:
-
Hepoxilin A3
- IFN:
-
Interferon
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- IV:
-
Intravenous
- LCMV:
-
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
- L-O−:
-
Alkoxyl Radicals
- L-OOH:
-
Lipid Hydroperoxides
- LTB4:
-
Leukotriene B4
- LXA4:
-
Lipoxin A4
- MLKL :
-
Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein
- Mtb:
-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- NAC:
-
N-Acetylcysteine
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
- NCOA4 :
-
Nuclear Receptor Coativator 4
- NF-kB:
-
Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B
- NO:
-
Nitric Oxide
- NOS2:
-
Nitric Oxide Synthase 2
- O2:
-
Oxygen
- \( {\mathrm{O}}_2^{\bullet -} \) :
-
Superoxide
- OONO−:
-
Peroxynitrite
- PAMPs:
-
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
- PGE2:
-
Prostaglandin E2
- PLC:
-
Phospholipase C
- pLoxA:
-
Pseudomonas Lipoxygenase A
- PUFA:
-
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
- RIPK:
-
Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase
- RNS:
-
Reactive Nitrogen Species
- ROS :
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- SAA:
-
Serum Amyloid A
- SARS-Cov-2:
-
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- SLC7A11:
-
Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11
- SOD:
-
Superoxide Dismutase
- STAT3:
-
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
- STING:
-
Stimulator of Interferon Genes
- TB:
-
Tuberculosis
- TLR:
-
Toll Like Receptor
- TNFR1:
-
Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor 1
- TNF-α:
-
Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha
- Tpx:
-
Tryparedoxin Peroxidases
- Vpr:
-
Viral Accessory Protein
- XO:
-
Xanthine Oxidase
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This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH.
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Amaral, E.P., Namasivayam, S. (2021). Emerging Role for Ferroptosis in Infectious Diseases. In: Florez, A.F., Alborzinia, H. (eds) Ferroptosis: Mechanism and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1301. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62026-4_5
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