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Treatment and Bioconversion of Manure Effluents

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Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products

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Abstract

Bioconversion of manure effluents can be considered as a promising and environmentally friendly option for the treatment of manure effluents. These conversion processes may be sustainable and beneficial for the farming and agricultural industry. Physical treatments, including daily spreading, liquid effluent storage, solids separation, odour control and lagoon treatment, can be undertaken before biological or chemical treatments. They do not involve major transformation when it comes to the nature of the manure effluents and its content. They are generally used for conditioning the liquid or solids from the effluent. Chemical treatments of manure effluents are undertaken to improve the removal efficiency of solids, pathogens and odours. They are effective and used with the addition of coagulating agents and pH regulator to significantly improve the quality of the final product being treated from manure effluents. In this review, the main focus is on bioconversion processes. They involve biological reactions and microorganisms activity under defined operating conditions. Aerobic and anaerobic digestion are described as the major biological processes to be explored for manure effluents treatment. They constitute the basis of most processes. Bioconversion involves processes such as composting, biodrying, gasification, cofiring, pelletization, methanol and syngas production, and many others. The majority of these processes lead to the generation of by-products, such as fertilizers and biogas, which can be used in the farming and agricultural activities. Heat generation, clean fuels or renewable energy resources are also generated from manure effluents and they may be useful in the energy sector. Furthermore, many other emerging applications using manure effluents, such as microalgae production, aquaculture, bedding, soil reclamation, are still being developed; they will also contribute to the expansion of the field of bioconversion of manure effluent soon.

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  1. Mangosuthu University of Technology, Umlazi, Durban, South Africa

    Joseph K. Bwapwa

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  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Inamuddin

  2. Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Anish Khan

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Bwapwa, J.K. (2021). Treatment and Bioconversion of Manure Effluents. In: Inamuddin, Khan, A. (eds) Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61837-7_18

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