Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Manure Phosphorus: Mobility in Soils and Management Strategies to Minimize Losses

  • Land Pollution (GM Hettiarachchi, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Pollution Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Manure is a valuable source of plant nutrients; however, continuous application to soils may lead to accumulation of phosphorus (P), increasing the risk of P loss into waterways triggering freshwater eutrophication. This review paper summarizes and critically evaluates relevant research findings published within the last 5 years on manure P mobility in soils and management strategies to mitigate losses identifying future research needs. Past and recent research evidence on manure P mobilization and losses from soils have yielded inconsistent and often confounding results, because of the interactive effects of source factors and the existence of concurrent transport pathways. Although far from being conclusive, a few general trends are worth noting; P losses were greater with (a) increasing soluble P applied with manure, (b) vulnerable soils with limited P sorption capacity and/or susceptible to preferential flow/erosion, (c) conditions conducive to P release and transport, and (d) reduced soil-manure P interaction following application. Effective mitigating strategies included (a) generating low-P manure, (b) processing manure to reduce total and/or soluble P, and (c) adopting best management practices (BMPs) during and post-manure application. Future research should focus on a better understanding of the interactive effects of source factors on short- and long-term manure P loss via different transport pathways. Existing mitigation efforts and new directions should focus on reducing P buildup in soil by employing a combination of strategies during generation, processing, and application of manure, coupled with site- and time-specific BMPs selected based on the dominant pathway of P loss.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • of importance •• of major importance

  1. Herrero M, Havlík P, Valin H, Notenbaert A, Rufino MC, Thornton PK, et al. Biomass use, production, feed efficiencies, and greenhouse gas emissions from global livestock systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110(52):20888–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. FAOSTAT. FAOSTAT database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. 2013.

  3. Herrero M, Thornton PK, Gerber P, Reid RS. Livestock, livelihoods and the environment: understanding the trade-offs. Curr Opin Environ Sustain. 2009;1(2):111–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang H, Schroder J. Animal manure production and utilization in the US. In: Zhongqi H, Zhang H, editors. Applied manure and nutrient chemistry for sustainable agriculture and environment. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014. p. 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  5. • Penha HGV, Menezes JFS, Silva CA, Lopes G, de Andrade Carvalho C, Ramos SJ, et al. Nutrient accumulation and availability and crop yields following long-term application of pig slurry in a Brazilian Cerrado soil. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 2015;101(2):259–69. This article evaluates effects of long-term applications of pig slurry without incorporation on soil phosphorus at different soil depths. Results indicate increased P availability following pig slurry application; however, this increase occurred only in soil surface.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nest TV, Vandecasteele B, Ruysschaert G, Cougnon M, Merckx R, Reheul D. Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil P and C levels, crop yield and P leaching in a long term trial on a silt loam soil. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2014;197:309–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D’Hose T, Ruysschaert G, Viaene N, Debode J, Nest TV, Van Vaerenbergh J, et al. Farm compost amendment and non-inversion tillage improve soil quality without increasing the risk for N and P leaching. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2016;225:126–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. • Pizzeghello D, Berti A, Nardi S, Morari F. Relationship between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus release to solution in three soils after long-term mineral and manure application. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2016;233:214–23. This article compared P accumulation following long-term (44 years) farmyard manure and mineral applications with untreated. Farmyard manure increased soil P by 7.7-fold that of untreated, down to 50 cm in clay and peaty soil and 28-fold untreated, down to 90 cm in sandy soil, thus indicating both accumulation and leaching of P.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Waldrip HM, Pagliari PH, He Z, Harmel RD, Cole NA, Zhang M. Legacy phosphorus in calcareous soils: effects of long-term poultry litter application. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 2015;79(6):1601–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Omara P, Macnack N, Aula L, Raun B. Effect of long-term beef manure application on soil test phosphorus, organic carbon, and winter wheat yield. J Plant Nutr. 2017;40(8):1143–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. King KW, Williams MR, Macrae ML, Fausey NR, Frankenberger J, Smith DR, et al. Phosphorus transport in agricultural subsurface drainage: a review. J Environ Qual. 2015;44(2):467–85.

  12. •• Vadas PA, Good LW, Jokela WE, Karthikeyan KG, Arriaga FJ, Stock M. Quantifying the impact of seasonal and short-term manure application decisions on phosphorus loss in surface runoff. J Environ Qual. 2017. The article discusses the predicted risk of P loss using the SurPhos computer model and 108 site–years of weather and runoff data with dairy manure application in winter or when runoff is imminent. Model predicted increased P loss for manure applied from late November through early March, with a maximum P loss from application in late January and early February.

  13. Schindler DW, Hecky RE, McCullough GK. The rapid eutrophication of Lake Winnipeg: greening under global change. J Great Lakes Res. 2012;38:6–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Darch T, Blackwell MSA, Hawkins JMB, Haygarth PM, Chadwick D. A meta-analysis of organic and inorganic phosphorus in organic fertilizers, soils, and water: implications for water quality. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 2014;44(19):2172–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Komiyama T, Ito T, Saigusa M. Effects of phosphorus-based application of animal manure compost on the yield of silage corn and on soil phosphorus accumulation in an upland andosol in Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 2014;60(6):863–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. • Sadeghpour A, Ketterings QM, Godwin GS, Czymmek KJ. Shifting from N-based to P-based manure management maintains soil test phosphorus dynamics in a long-term corn and alfalfa rotation. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2017;37(2):8. The article examines soil test P dynamics in a 10-year corn-alfalfa rotation annual spring applications of N-based versus P removal based compost, liquid dairy manure and two control treatments with and without fertilizer N. Results show, for the first time in dairy forage rotations, the benefits of P-based manure management on long-term sustainability emphasizing the importance of rotation fertility management rather than single-year P management.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. McDowell RW. Estimating the mitigation of anthropogenic loss of phosphorus in New Zealand grassland catchments. Sci Total Environ. 2014;468:1178–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Penn CJ, McGrath JM. Chemistry and application of industrial by-products to animal manure for reducing phosphorus losses to surface waters. In: He Z, Zhang H, editors. Applied manure and nutrient chemistry for sustainable agriculture and environment. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014. p. 211–38.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Schoumans OF, Chardon WJ, Bechmann ME, Gascuel-Odoux C, Hofman G, Kronvang B, et al. Mitigation options to reduce phosphorus losses from the agricultural sector and improve surface water quality: a review. Sci Total Environ. 2014;468:1255–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. • Tayyab U, McLean FA. Phosphorus losses and on-farm mitigation options for dairy farming systems: a review. JAPS J Anim Plant Sci. 2015;25(2). The article reviews P losses and on-farm mitigation options for dairy farms. Following strategies are identified as important: quantification of potential P losses, riparian buffer strips, conservation tillage, precise feeding, animal health, exogenous enzymes and rotational grazing, with efficient manure storage, management and transport.

  21. García-Albacete M, Requejo MI, Cartagena MC. Phosphorus runoff losses after application of organic waste. CLEAN: Soil, Air, Water. 2016;44(12):1628–35.

    Google Scholar 

  22. • Toor GS, Sims JT. Phosphorus leaching in soils amended with animal manures generated from modified diets. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(4):1385–91. In this article the effectiveness of dietary changes in reducing P leaching loss on land application of manures was investigated using a lysimeter study. Results indicated greater P leaching when preferential flow pathways exist in soils. Application of manure at similar P rate resulted in adding higher amount of low-P dairy manure and phytase-amended broiler litter, which controlled P leaching from soils.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Roberts J, Israel DW. Influence of soil properties and manure sources on phosphorus in runoff during simulated rainfall. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2017;48(2):222–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. García-Albacete M, Tarquis AM, Cartagena MC. Risk of leaching in soils amended by compost and digestate from municipal solid waste. Sci World J. 2014;2014:1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kumaragamage D, Flaten DN, Akinremi OO, Sawka CA, Ige D, Zvomuya F. Impact of manure phosphorus fractions on phosphorus loss from manured soils after incubation. J Environ Qual. 2012;41(3):845–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Blaustein RA, Dao TH, Pachepsky YA, Shelton DR. Differential release of manure-borne bioactive phosphorus forms to runoff and leachate under simulated rain. J Environ Manag. 2017;192:309–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Vadas PA, Busch DL, Powell JM, Brink GE. Monitoring runoff from cattle-grazed pastures for a phosphorus loss quantification tool. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2015;199:124–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Vadas PA, Good LW, Panuska JC, Busch DL, Larson RA. A new model for phosphorus loss in runoff from outdoor cattle lots. Trans ASABE. 2015;58(4):1035–46.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Weyers E, Strawn DG, Peak D, Baker LL. Inhibition of phosphorus sorption on calcite by dairy manure-sourced DOC. Chemosphere. 2017;184:99–105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nest TV, Ruysschaert G, Vandecasteele B, Houot S, Baken S, Smolders E, et al. The long term use of farmyard manure and compost: effects on P availability, orthophosphate sorption strength and P leaching. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2016;216:23–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. •• Li P, Lang M, Li C, Thomas BW, Hao X. Nutrient leaching from soil amended with manure and compost from cattle fed diets containing wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2016;227(10):393. This article compares potential P leaching losses from soils amended with beef manure, beef manure compost, manure from cattle fed a typical finishing diet, and composted and uncomposted manure from cattle fed with a diet containing dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). Cumulative leaching losses of P were significantly higher, from compost-amended than manure-amended soil. Total P leached was greater from soil amended with manure or composted manure from cattle fed with DDGS compared to beef manure.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang YT, Zhang TQ, Hu QC, Tan CS. Phosphorus source coefficient determination for quantifying phosphorus loss risk of various animal manures. Geoderma. 2016;278:23–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pagliari PH, Laboski CAM. Investigation of the inorganic and organic phosphorus forms in animal manure. J Environ Qual. 2012;41(3):901–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Li G, Li H, Leffelaar PA, Shen J, Zhang F. Characterization of phosphorus in animal manures collected from three (dairy, swine, and broiler) farms in China. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102698.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Horta C, Roboredo M, Carneiro JP, Duarte AC, Torrent J, Sharpley A. Organic amendments as a source of phosphorus: agronomic and environmental impact of different animal manures applied to an acid soil. Arch Agron Soil Sci 2017:1–15.

  36. Kebreab E, Hansen AV, Leytem AB. Feed management practices to reduce manure phosphorus excretion in dairy cattle. Adv Anim Biosci. 2013;4(s1):37–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Jokela WE, Coblentz WK, Hoffman PC. Dairy heifer manure management, dietary phosphorus, and soil test P effects on runoff phosphorus. J Environ Qual. 2012;41(5):1600–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Bernier JN, Undi M, Ominski KH, Donohoe G, Tenuta M, Flaten D, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus utilization and excretion by beef cows fed a low quality forage diet supplemented with dried distillers grains with solubles under thermal neutral and prolonged cold conditions. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2014;193:9–20.

  39. Komiskey MJ, Stuntebeck TD, Frame DR, Madison FW. Nutrients and sediment in frozen-ground runoff from no-till fields receiving liquid-dairy and solid-beef manures. J Soil Water Conserv. 2011;66(5):303–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Ciapparelli IC, de Iorio AF, García AR. Phosphorus downward movement in soil highly charged with cattle manure. Environ Earth Sci. 2016;75(7):568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lehrsch GA, Lentz RD, Westermann DT, Kincaid DC. Nutrient loads and sediment losses in sprinkler irrigation runoff affected by compost and manure. J Soil Water Conserv. 2014;69(5):456–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Yang Y, Zhang H, Qian X, Duan J, Wang G. Excessive application of pig manure increases the risk of P loss in calcic cinnamon soil in China. Sci Total Environ. 2017;609:102–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tomer MD, Moorman TB, Kovar JL, Cole KJ, Nichols DJ. Eleven years of runoff and phosphorus losses from two fields with and without manure application, Iowa, USA. Agric Water Manag. 2016;168:104–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Cherobim VF, Huang C-H, Favaretto N. Tillage system and time post-liquid dairy manure: effects on runoff, sediment and nutrients losses. Agric Water Manag. 2017;184:96–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Laurenson S, Houlbrooke DJ. Nutrient and microbial loss in relation to timing of rainfall following surface application of dairy farm manure slurries to pasture. Soil Res. 2014;52(5):513–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Schuster NR, Bartelt-Hunt SL, Durso LM, Gilley JE, Li X, Marx DB, et al. Runoff water quality characteristics following swine slurry application under broadcast and injected conditions. Trans ASABE. 2017;60(1):53–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Owens LB, Bonta JV, Shipitalo MJ, Rogers S. Effects of winter manure application in Ohio on the quality of surface runoff. J Environ Qual. 2011;40(1):153–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. • Bergström L, Kirchmann H, Djodjic F, Kyllmar K, Ulén B, Liu J, et al. Turnover and losses of phosphorus in Swedish agricultural soils: long-term changes, leaching trends, and mitigation measures. J Environ Qual. 2015;44(2):512–23. This review article examined effectiveness of BMPs used in ten Swedish long-term soil fertility trials on subsurface losses of P. Incorporation of pig slurry into a clay soil instead of surface application reduces P leaching by 50%. Effectiveness of BMPs showed no clear trend while weather conditions and soil type, have profound effects on P losses, masking the effects of BMPs.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. • Jokela W, Sherman J, Cavadini J. Nutrient runoff losses from liquid dairy manure applied with low-disturbance methods. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(5):1672–9. This article evaluates tillage immediately after application to incorporate manure into the soil on runoff losses. Highest losses of total P and dissolved reactive P in post-manure application runoff were from surface-applied manure. Dissolved P loss was reduced 98.53. And 80% by strip-till injection, aerator band method and disk incorporation, respectively.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Giles CD, Cade-Menun BJ, Liu CW, Hill JE. The short-term transport and transformation of phosphorus species in a saturated soil following poultry manure amendment and leaching. Geoderma. 2015;257:134–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Coelho BB, Murray R, Lapen D, Topp E, Bruin A. Phosphorus and sediment loading to surface waters from liquid swine manure application under different drainage and tillage practices. Agric Water Manag. 2012;104:51–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Xue QY, Dai PB, Sun DS, Sun CL, Qi LY, Ostermann A, et al. Effects of rainfall and manure application on phosphorus leaching in field lysimeters during fallow season. J Soils Sediments. 2013;13(9):1527–37.

  53. Christianson LE, Harmel RD, Smith D, Williams MR, King K. Assessment and synthesis of 50 years of published drainage phosphorus losses. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(5):1467–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Smith DR, King KW, Johnson L, Francesconi W, Richards P, Baker D, et al. Surface runoff and tile drainage transport of phosphorus in the midwestern United States. J Environ Qual. 2015;44(2):495–502.

  55. •• Young EO, Geibel JR, Ross DS. Influence of controlled drainage and liquid dairy manure application on phosphorus leaching from intact soil cores. J Environ Qual. 2017;46(1):80–7. This article evaluated the effectiveness of controlled drainage in reducing manure P loss to tile drainage. Results showed a 40-fold reduction in leachate DRP concentration compared to free drainage one week after manure application attributed to a reduction of preferential flow through macropores allowing more time for P sorption to occur. A significant redox-induced DRP release was not observed during 3-wk subsurface water retention.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Ulén B, Wesström I, Johansson G, Forsberg LS. Recession of phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in tile drainage water after high poultry manure applications in two consecutive years. Agric Water Manag. 2014;146:208–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Mina O, Gall HE, Saporito LS, Elliott HA, Kleinman PJA. Relative role of transport and source-limited controls for estrogen, TDP, and DOC export for two manure application methods. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2017;247:308–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Jokela WE, Casler MD. Transport of phosphorus and nitrogen in surface runoff in a corn silage system: paired watershed methodology and calibration period results. Can J Soil Sci. 2011;91(3):479–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. • King T, Schoenau J, Elliott J. Relationship between manure management application practices and phosphorus and nitrogen export in snowmelt run-off water from a Black Chernozem Saskatchewan soil. Sustain Agric Res. 2017;6(2):93. This article describes effect of surface and subsurface application of solid cattle manure (SCM) and liquid hog manure (LHM) on soluble reactive P (SRP) loss with simulated snowmelt runoff using a novel methodology to simulate melting snow conditions generating runoff using soil monoliths. Export of SRP was less in LHM treatments than SCM treatments, while manure placement had not significant effect on SRP loss.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Amarawansha E, Kumaragamage D, Flaten D, Zvomuya F, Tenuta M. Phosphorus mobilization from manure-amended and unamended alkaline soils to overlying water during simulated flooding. J Environ Qual. 2015;44(4):1252–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Penn CJ, Bowen JM. Reducing phosphorus transport: an overview of best management practices. In: Design and construction of phosphorus removal structures for improving water quality. Cham: Springer; 2018. p. 13–33.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  62. Kleinman PJA, Church C, Saporito LS, McGrath JM, Reiter MS, Allen AL, et al. Phosphorus leaching from agricultural soils of the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. J Environ Qual. 2015;44(2):524–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Abboud FY, Motta ACV, Barth G, Goularte GD, Favaretto N. Mobility and degree of phosphorus saturation in oxisol under no-tillage after long-term application of dairy liquid manure. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2017.

  64. Bolster CH, Vadas PA. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for the annual phosphorus loss estimator model. J Environ Qual. 2013;42(4):1109–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Collick AS, Veith TL, Fuka DR, Kleinman PJA, Buda AR, Weld JL, et al. Improved simulation of edaphic and manure phosphorus loss in SWAT. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(4):1215–25.

  66. • Dai L, Tan F, Wu B, He M, Wang W, Tang X, et al. Immobilization of phosphorus in cow manure during hydrothermal carbonization. J Environ Manag. 2015;157:49–53. This article describes hydrothermal carbonization, a relatively new technology in producing hydrochar from wet manure, avoiding the step of evaporating water, and using a relatively low temperature (180 – 350°C) for pyrolysis. Results showed that hydrothermal carbonization of cow manure increased the total P content by ~20% with a significant decrease in water extractable P by >80%.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Liang Y, Cao X, Zhao L, Xu X, Harris W. Phosphorus release from dairy manure, the manure-derived biochar, and their amended soil: effects of phosphorus nature and soil property. J Environ Qual. 2014;43(4):1504–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. •• Moore PA. Development of a new manure amendment for reducing ammonia volatilization and phosphorus runoff from poultry litter. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(4):1421–9. This article investigates 16 different manure amendments developed using mixtures of alum mud, bauxite ore, sulfuric acid, liquid alum, and water that are as effective as alum in reducing P runoff from manure amended soils. Water-extractable P was significantly reduced by all of the amendments while mixtures of alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid were more promising.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. O’Flynn CJ, Healy MG, Wilson P, Hoekstra NJ, Troy SM, Fenton O. Chemical amendment of pig slurry: control of runoff related risks due to episodic rainfall events up to 48 h after application. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2013;20(9):6019–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Baker DB, Confesor R, Ewing DE, Johnson LT, Kramer JW, Merryfield BJ. Phosphorus loading to Lake Erie from the Maumee, Sandusky and Cuyahoga rivers: the importance of bioavailability. J Great Lakes Res. 2014;40(3):502–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Daloglu I, Cho KH, Scavia D. Evaluating causes of trends in long-term dissolved reactive phosphorus loads to Lake Erie. Environ Sci Technol. 2012;46(19):10660–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Withers PJA, Hodgkinson RA, Rollett A, Dyer C, Dils R, Collins AL, et al. Reducing soil phosphorus fertility brings potential long-term environmental gains: a UK analysis. Environ Res Lett. 2017;12(6):063001.

  73. • Adeli A, Sheng J, Jenkins JN, Feng G. Composting and gypsum amendment of broiler litter to reduce nutrient leaching loss. J Environ Qual. 2015;44(2):676–83. This article compared composted and fresh broiler litter with and without flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum on P leaching. Results revealed less P leaching with composted litter compared to fresh broiler litter. When gypsum was mixed with fresh broiler litter P leaching was significantly reduced.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hashimoto Y, Takamoto A, Kikkawa R, Murakami K, Yamaguchi N. Formations of hydroxyapatite and inositol hexakisphosphate in poultry litter during the composting period: sequential fractionation, P K-edge XANES and solution 31P NMR investigations. Environ Sci Technol. 2014;48(10):5486–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Cantrell KB, Hunt PG, Uchimiya M, Novak JM, Ro KS. Impact of pyrolysis temperature and manure source on physicochemical characteristics of biochar. Bioresour Technol. 2012;107:419–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. • Wang Y, Lin Y, Chiu PC, Imhoff PT, Guo M. Phosphorus release behaviors of poultry litter biochar as a soil amendment. Sci Total Environ. 2015;512:454–63. This article examined water extractability of P in poultry litter biochar and its release kinetics in amended soils. Results showed that P in poultry litter biochar is predominantly water insoluble while release of P from biochar was slower and steadier than from raw poultry litter.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kumaragamage D, Akinremi OO, Grieger L. Phosphorus fractions in solid and liquid separates of swine slurry separated using different technologies. J Environ Qual. 2013;42(6):1863–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Riaño B, García-González MC. On-farm treatment of swine manure based on solid–liquid separation and biological nitrification–denitrification of the liquid fraction. J Environ Manag. 2014;132:87–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Sommer SG, Hjorth M, Leahy JJ, Zhu K, Christel W, Sørensen CG. Pig slurry characteristics, nutrient balance and biogas production as affected by separation and acidification. J Agric Sci. 2015;153(1):177–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Vandecasteele B, Reubens B, Willekens K, De Neve S. Composting for increasing the fertilizer value of chicken manure: effects of feedstock on P availability. Waste Biomass Valoriz. 2014;5(3):491–503.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Brennan RB, Wall DP, Fenton O, Grant J, Sharpley AN, Healy MG. Impact of chemical amendment of dairy cattle slurry on soil phosphorus dynamics following application to five soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2014;45(16):2215–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Zhang B, Wang C, Wei ZH, Sun HZ, Xu GZ, Liu JX, et al. The effects of dietary phosphorus on the growth performance and phosphorus excretion of dairy heifers. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 2016;29(7):960–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Huang Q, Ackerman J, Cicek N. Effect of dietary fiber on phosphorus distribution in fresh and stored liquid hog manure. Can J Civ Eng. 2013;40(9):869–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Kumar V, Singh D, Sangwan P, Gill PK. Management of environmental phosphorus pollution using phytases: current challenges and future prospects. In: Kaushik G, editor. Applied environmental biotechnology: present scenario and future trends. India: Springer; 2015. p. 97–114.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Yitbarek A, López S, Tenuta M, Asgedom H, France J, Nyachoti CM, et al. Effect of dietary phytase supplementation on greenhouse gas emissions from soil after swine manure application. J Clean Prod. 2017;166:1122–30.

  86. • Szogi AA, Vanotti MB, Ro KS. Methods for treatment of animal manures to reduce nutrient pollution prior to soil application. Curr Pollut Rep. 2015;1(1):47–56. The review article summarize existing technologies for animal waste treatment and emerging new technologies for recycling manure phosphorus.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Garcia MC, Szogi AA, Vanotti MB, Chastain JP, Millner PD. Enhanced solid–liquid separation of dairy manure with natural flocculants. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100(22):5417–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Kumaragamage D, Akinremi OO, Racz GJ. Comparison of nutrient and metal loadings with the application of swine manure slurries and their liquid separates to soils. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(5):1769–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Popovic O, Hjorth M, Stoumann Jensen L. Phosphorus, copper and zinc in solid and liquid fractions from full-scale and laboratory-separated pig slurry. Environ Technol. 2012;33(18):2119–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Pagliari PH, Laboski CAM. Dairy manure treatment effects on manure phosphorus fractionation and changes in soil test phosphorus. Biol Fertil Soils. 2013;49(8):987–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Adeli A, Read J, Feng G, McGrew R, Jenkins J. Organic amendments and nutrient leaching in soil columns. Agron J 2017.

  92. Dere AL, Stehouwer RC, Aboukila E, McDonald KE. Nutrient leaching and soil retention in mined land reclaimed with stabilized manure. J Environ Qual. 2012;41(6):2001–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Larney FJ, Olson AF, Miller JJ, Tovell BC. Nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff from cattle manure compost windrows of different maturities. J Environ Qual. 2014;43(2):671–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. • Christel W, Bruun S, Magid J, Jensen LS. Phosphorus availability from the solid fraction of pig slurry is altered by composting or thermal treatment. Bioresour Technol. 2014;169:543–51. This article evaluated slurry acidification, separation technology and thermal processing on P availability in soil amended with solid fraction of pig slurry. Separated solids increased soil P availability initially, which declined with time, whereas slurry chars and ashes showed less P availability, which remained constant or increased slightly over 12 weeks.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Christel W, Bruun S, Magid J, Kwapinski W, Jensen LS. Pig slurry acidification, separation technology and thermal conversion affect phosphorus availability in soil amended with the derived solid fractions, chars or ashes. Plant Soil. 2016;401(1–2):93–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Tran QT, Maeda M, Oshita K, Takaoka M. Phosphorus release from cattle manure ash as soil amendment in laboratory-scale tests. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 2017:1–8.

  97. Dai L, Li H, Tan F, Zhu N, He M, Hu G. Biochar: a potential route for recycling of phosphorus in agricultural residues. GCB Bioenergy. 2016;8(5):852–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wang T, Camps-Arbestain M, Hedley M, Bishop P. Predicting phosphorus bioavailability from high-ash biochars. Plant Soil. 2012;357(1–2):173–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Uchimiya M. Changes in nutrient content and availability during the slow pyrolysis of animal wastes. In: He Z, Zhang H, editors. Applied manure and nutrient chemistry for sustainable agriculture and environment. Berlin: Springer; 2014. p. 53–68.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  100. Michalovicz L, Michalovicz L, Dick WA, Dick WA, Cervi EC, Cervi EC, et al. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum as a chemical amendment to reduce the concentrations of phosphorus and suspended solids in liquid manure. Manag Environ Quali Int J. 2017;28(5):624–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. • Watts DB, Torbert HA. Influence of flue gas desulfurization gypsum on reducing soluble phosphorus in successive runoff events from a coastal plain bermudagrass pasture. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(3):1071–9. This article evaluated the effect of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum to reduce P concentrations immediately, 5 wk, and 6 mo (i.e., at the end of growing season) after poultry litter application to determine gypsum’s effectiveness at controlling P loss over successive runoff events. Results revealed that FGD gypsum can reduce runoff dissolved P losses, and effective in succeeding runoff events during a growing season.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Huang L, Moore PA, Kleinman PJA, Elkin KR, Savin MC, Pote DH, et al. Reducing phosphorus runoff and leaching from poultry litter with alum: twenty-year small plot and paired-watershed studies. J Environ Qual. 2016;45(4):1413–20.

  103. Murnane JG, Brennan RB, Healy MG, Fenton O. Use of zeolite with alum and polyaluminum chloride amendments to mitigate runoff losses of phosphorus, nitrogen, and suspended solids from agricultural wastes applied to grassed soils. J Environ Qual. 2015;44(5):1674–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Peng X, Liang C, Shi L. Immobilization of phosphorus, copper, zinc and arsenic in swine manure by activated red mud. Environ Earth Sci. 2014;71(5):2005–14.

  105. Sibrell PL, Penn CJ, Hedin RS. Reducing soluble phosphorus in dairy effluents through application of mine drainage residuals. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 2015;46(5):545–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Wang JJ, Gaston LA. Nutrient chemistry of manure and manure-impacted soils as influenced by application of bauxite residue. In: He Z, Zhang H, editors. Applied manure and nutrient chemistry for sustainable agriculture and environment. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014. p. 239–66.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  107. Maguire RO, Mullins GL, Brosius M. Evaluating long-term nitrogen-versus phosphorus-based nutrient management of poultry litter. J Environ Qual. 2008;37(5):1810–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Olson BM, McKenzie RH, Larney FJ, Bremer E. Nitrogen-and phosphorus-based applications of cattle manure and compost for irrigated cereal silage. Can J Soil Sci. 2010;90(4):619–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. • Sadeghpour A, Ketterings QM, Godwin GS, Czymmek KJ. Nitrogen-vs. phosphorus-based manure and compost management of corn. Agron J. 2016;108(1):185–95. This article evaluated soil test P changes with a change from N-based applications of manure and compost without incorporation to a P-based management system with immediate incorporation. After 5 yr, STP increased four- and six-fold for N- and P-based manure, respectively and by two- and four- fold for N- and P-based compost, respectively.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Sadeghpour A, Ketterings QM, Vermeylen F, Godwin GS, Czymmek KJ. Soil properties under nitrogen-vs. phosphorus-based manure and compost Management of Corn. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 2016;80(5):1272–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Aronsson H, Liu J, Ekre E, Torstensson G, Salomon E. Effects of pig and dairy slurry application on N and P leaching from crop rotations with spring cereals and forage leys. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst. 2014;98(3):281–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Ahmed SI, Mickelson SK, Pederson CH, Baker JL, Kanwar RS, Lorimor JC, et al. Swine manure rate, timing, and application method effects on post-harvest soil nutrients, crop yield, and potential water quality implications in a corn-soybean rotation. Trans ASABE. 2013;56(2):395–408.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Vadas PA, Jokela WE, Franklin DH, Endale DM. The effect of rain and runoff when assessing timing of manure application and dissolved phosphorus loss in runoff. JAWRA J Am Water Res Assoc. 2011;47(4):877–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada

    D. Kumaragamage

  2. Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    O. O. Akinremi

Authors
  1. D. Kumaragamage
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. O. O. Akinremi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Kumaragamage.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Land Pollution

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumaragamage, D., Akinremi, O.O. Manure Phosphorus: Mobility in Soils and Management Strategies to Minimize Losses. Curr Pollution Rep 4, 162–174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-018-0084-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-018-0084-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation