Abstract
The biologically active compounds isolated from Chenopodium species are reviewed. These include compounds of diverse chemical nature: polysaccharides, lectins, amines and amides, phenolics and flavonoids, saponins, sterols, monoterpenes, and essential oils. The data for the biological activity of more than 70 compounds isolated or detected in goosefoot species are found in the literature. A wide range of pharmacological activities of chenopods: antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-α-glucosidase, prolipase, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, hemolytic, wound healing, sedative, and analgesic that appeared in the literature are discussed. The research found in literature was done mainly on C. album, C. ambrosioides, C. bonus-henricus, C. botrys, and C. quinoa.
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Abbreviations
- 3 T3-L1:
-
Mouse fibroblast cells
- 6-OHDA:
-
6-Hydroxydopamine
- ABTS+:
-
2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt
- AChE:
-
Acetylcholinesterase
- BALB/c :
-
Albino immune-deficient inbred mouse strain
- BChE:
-
Butyrylcholinesterase
- BHT:
-
Butylated hydroxytoluene
- BV-173:
-
Human B-cell precursor leukemia cell line
- C/EBPα:
-
Cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine-enhancer-binding protein alpha
- Caco-2:
-
Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line
- CCl4:
-
Carbon tetrachloride
- CCRF-CEM:
-
Human acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPI:
-
Days post-injury
- DPPH+:
-
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- ED50:
-
Median effective dose
- EO:
-
Essential oil
- ESR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- EtOAc:
-
Ethyl acetate
- FRAP:
-
Ferric reducing/antioxidant power
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- HeLa:
-
Human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line
- HepG2:
-
Human liver cancer cell line
- HL-60:
-
Human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line
- Hoechst33258:
-
Pentahydrate (bis-benzimide) – 10 mg/mL solution in water
- IC50:
-
Half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IFN-α:
-
Interferon-alpha
- IFN-γ:
-
Interferon-gamma
- IgM:
-
Immunoglobulin M
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin 6
- Jurkat E6-1 :
-
Human acute T-cell leukemia cell line
- K-562 :
-
Human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line
- L02:
-
Human normal liver cells
- LC-MS:
-
Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
- LDH:
-
Lactate dehydrogenase
- LPLAFT:
-
Lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid by ferric thiocyanate
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- LYSO:
-
Lysozyme
- MBC:
-
Minimum bactericidal concentration
- MCF 10A:
-
Human normal breast epithelial cell line
- MCF-7:
-
Human breast cancer cell line
- MDA-MB-231:
-
Human mammary gland/breast adenocarcinoma cell line
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- MTT:
-
3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- PHA/PMA :
-
Phytohemagglutinin/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- PPARγ:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- RAW264.7:
-
Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed macrophage
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SC50:
-
Half maximal scavenge capacity
- SKW-3:
-
Human T-cell leukemia cell line
- SMMC 7721:
-
Human liver cancer cell line
- SREBP-1c:
-
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
- TNF-α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TPA:
-
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- UPLC/Q-TOF-MS :
-
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Nedialkov, P.T., Kokanova-Nedialkova, Z. (2021). Bioactive Compounds of Goosefoot (Genus Chenopodium). In: Murthy, H.N., Paek, K.Y. (eds) Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Vegetables and Legumes. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44578-2_7-1
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