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Biological activities and chemistry of saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

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Abstract

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a valuable food source which has gained importance in many countries of the world. The plant contains various bitter-tasting saponins which present an important antinutritional factor. Various triterpene saponins have been reported in C. quinoa including both monodesmosidic and bidesmosidic triterpene saponins of oleanolic acid, hederagenin, phytolaccagenic acid, and serjanic acid as the major aglycones and other aglycones as 3β-hydroxy-23-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3β-hydroxy-27-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid, and 3β, 23α, 30β-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid. A tridesmosidic saponin of hederagenin has also been reported. Here we review the occurrence, analysis, chemical structures, and biological activity of triterpene saponins of C. quinoa. In particular, the mode of action of the mono- and bidesmosidic triterpene saponins and aglycones are discussed.

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Abbreviations

A:

Austria

B:

Bolivia

C:

Chile

E:

Equador

G:

Germany

M:

Mexico

P:

Peru

SA:

South America

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Commission on Higher Education (CHE) of the Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand.

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  1. Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Dusit Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand

    Tiwatt Kuljanabhagavad

  2. Department of Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Tiwatt Kuljanabhagavad & Michael Wink

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Kuljanabhagavad, T., Wink, M. Biological activities and chemistry of saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd.. Phytochem Rev 8, 473–490 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-009-9121-0

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