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Effect of Produced Water on Innate Immunity, Feeding and Antioxidant Metabolism in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)

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Produced Water

Abstract

Emerging evidence from North Sea investigations indicates that the discharge of produced water (PW) may impact biota over greater distances from operational offshore platforms than originally predicted. We have investigated the effects of PW on cod immunity, feeding and general metabolism by exposing fish to diluted PW at concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 ppm for 76 days. No significant differences were observed in weight gain or food intake. Similarly, serum metabolites, whole blood fatty acid percentages and mRNA expression of a brain appetite-regulating factor (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) remained unchanged between groups. Other than an irritant-induced alteration in gill cells found in treated cod, resting immunity and stress response were not affected by PW. Catalase and lactate dehydrogenase changes in activities were recorded in livers but not in gills, suggesting an effect on oxidative metabolism subsequent to hepatic detoxification processes. At the end of the exposure, fish from the three groups were challenged by injection of Aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS injection affected respiratory burst activity of head-kidney cells, and circulating white blood cells ratios, and increased serum cortisol in all groups. The most pronounced changes were seen in the group exposed to the highest PW dose (200 ppm). Our results indicate an effect of PW on cod immunity after immune challenge with LPS as well as an impact on the liver oxidative metabolism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Science Branch, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St John’s, NL, Canada

    Dounia Hamoutene, S. Samuelson, G. Mabrouk & A. Mansour

  2. Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada

    H. Volkoff

  3. Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada

    C. Parrish

  4. Oceans Ltd., St John’s, NL, Canada

    Ann Mathieu

  5. Centre for Offshore Oil and Gas and Energy Research (COOGER), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada

    Thomas King & Kenneth Lee

  6. Department of Building Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, PQ, Canada

    Kenneth Lee

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  1. Dounia Hamoutene
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  2. H. Volkoff
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  3. C. Parrish
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  7. Ann Mathieu
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  9. Kenneth Lee
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Correspondence to Dounia Hamoutene .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Offshore Oil &, Gas Environmental Research, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Kenneth Lee

  2. Neff and Associates, LLC, Duxbury, 20332, Massachusetts, USA

    Jerry Neff

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Hamoutene, D. et al. (2011). Effect of Produced Water on Innate Immunity, Feeding and Antioxidant Metabolism in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua). In: Lee, K., Neff, J. (eds) Produced Water. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0046-2_16

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