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Mechanisms of Plasticity of Inhibition in Chronic Pain Conditions

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Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity

Abstract

The balance between inhibition and excitation in the dorsal spinal cord plays a critical role in ensuring that sensory information is relayed accurately to the brain. In particular, a loss of inhibitory control, and the ensuing increase in excitability in spinal dorsal horn neuronal circuits, appears to be a key substrate of pain hypersensitivity. In this Chapter, we summarize the most current knowledge on the involvement of altered GABA and glycine-mediated inhibition in pathological pain. Particular emphasis has been given to the recent finding that altered intracellular chloride homeostasis in neurons of the superficial dorsal horn may explain how inhibition is impaired following peripheral nerve injury and how this may underlie the development of neuropathic pain syndromes. Of particular interest is the finding that this mechanism of injury-induced central disinhibition results from a neuro-immune interaction involving a neuron-to-microglia-to-neuron signalling cascade.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; grants to YDeK). C. Labrakakis was supported by a post-doctoral Fellowship from CIHR. YDeK is a Chercheur National of the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec. We thank Mr. Sylvain Côté for expert assistance in preparing the illustrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division Cellular neurobiology, Centre de recherche université Laval Robert Giffard, Quebec, Canada

    Charalampos Labrakakis

  2. Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

    Charalampos Labrakakis

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  1. Charalampos Labrakakis
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  2. Francesco Ferrini
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  3. Yves De Koninck
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Correspondence to Charalampos Labrakakis .

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  1. Dept. Cell & Systems Biology, Ramsay Wright Zoological Lab., University of Toronto, Harbord Street 25, Toronto, M5S 3G5, Ontario, Canada

    Melanie A. Woodin

  2. Stony Brook, Dept. Neurobiology & Behavior, State University of New York, Stony Brook, 11794-5230, New York, USA

    Arianna Maffei

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Labrakakis, C., Ferrini, F., De Koninck, Y. (2011). Mechanisms of Plasticity of Inhibition in Chronic Pain Conditions. In: Woodin, M., Maffei, A. (eds) Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6978-1_7

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