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Opportunities and Challenges in Stem Cell Aging

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1341))

Abstract

Studying aging, as a physiological process that can cause various pathological phenotypes, has attracted lots of attention due to its increasing burden and prevalence. Therefore, understanding its mechanism to find novel therapeutic alternatives for age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases is essential. Stem cell senescence plays an important role in aging. In the context of the underlying pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and genetic alterations, and other mechanisms have been studied and as a consequence, several rejuvenation strategies targeting these mechanisms like pharmaceutical interventions, genetic modification, and cellular reprogramming have been proposed. On the other hand, since stem cells have great potential for disease modeling, they have been useful for representing aging and its associated disorders. Accordingly, the main mechanisms of senescence in stem cells and promising ways of rejuvenation, along with some examples of stem cell models for aging are introduced and discussed. This review aims to prepare a comprehensive summary of the findings by focusing on the most recent ones to shine a light on this area of research.

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Abbreviations

5, 15 DPP:

5, 15-Diphenylporphirine

ACC1:

Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase

AD:

Alzheimer Disease

ADSCs:

Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Atg7:

Autophagy-Related Gene

BMMSCs:

Bone Marrow-Derived Mscs

BMP5:

Bone morphogenic Protein5

CoPP:

Cobalt Protoporphyrin

CR:

Caloric Restriction

CRP:

C-reactive Protein

CYGB:

Cytoglobulin

DDR:

DNA Damage Response

DKK1:

Dickkopf-1

DMOG:

Dimethyloxalyglycine

ERCC1:

Excision Repair Cross Complementing-Group1

FAPs:

Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors

FASN:

Fatty Acid Synthase

FGF:

Fibroblast Growth Factor

GDF11:

Growth Differentiation Factor 11

Gnrh:

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

GPDH:

Glycerol-3-Phisphate Dehydrogenase

H2AX:

H2A Histone Family Member X

hCPCs:

Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells

HGPS:

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

HSCs:

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

HSL:

Hormone- Sensitive Lipase

HSP70:

Heat Shock Protein 70

HSPCs:

Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

IGF1:

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1

IL:

Interleukin

iPSCs:

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

ISCs:

Intestinal Stem Cells

JAK/STAT:

Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription

LVCP:

Lateral Ventricle Choroid Plexus

MAPK:

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

miR:

micro RNA

Mnsod:

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase

MSCs:

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mterc:

Mouse Telomerase RNA Component

mTOR:

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin

NAC:

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

NO:

Nitric Oxide

NR:

Nicotinamideriboside

Nrf2:

Nuclear Factor Erythroid2-Related Factor2

NSCs:

Neural Stem Cells

OCN:

Osteocalcin

OPN:

Osteopontin

PDIA3:

Protein Disulfide-Isomerase A3

PGC1α:

Pparg Coactivator 1 Alpha

RB:

Retinoblastoma Protein

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

sFRP3:

Soluble Frizzled-Related Protein3

SIRT:

Sirtuin

SOD2:

Superoxide Dismutase 2

SOX2:

Sex Determining Region Y-Box 2

spry1:

Sprouty1

SVZ:

Subventricular Zone

sXBP1:

Spliced X-Box Binding Protein 1

TBI:

Total-Body Irradiation

Tert:

Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase

TET:

Ten-Eleven Translocation

Tet2:

Ten Eleven Translocation Methylcytosine Dioxygenase2

TNFα:

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

TXNIP:

Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein

Uprmt:

Unfolded Protein Response

WISP1:

WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1

β3-AR:

β3-Adreno Receptor

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There is no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Author Contribution Statements

Najmeh Foroughi Heravani and Setareh Alaei wrote the first draft. Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani, Akram Tayanloo-Beik, Hamid Reza Aghayan, and Parisa Goodarzi helped to study and gather information. Moloud Payab and Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam extensively edited the manuscript. Bagher Larijani participated in a critical review. Babak Arjmand helped supervise the project and gave final approval of the version to be published.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

  2. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Najmeh Foroughi-Heravani, Moloud Payab & Babak Arjmand

  3. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Setareh Alaei, Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam, Akram Tayanloo-Beik, Hamid Reza Aghayan & Babak Arjmand

  4. Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani

  5. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Goodarzi

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  1. Bagher Larijani
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    Kursad Turksen

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Larijani, B. et al. (2021). Opportunities and Challenges in Stem Cell Aging. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 13. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1341. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_624

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