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Effect of wildfires on soil respiration in three typical Mediterranean forest ecosystems in Madrid, Spain

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Mediterranean forests are vulnerable to numerous threats including wildfires due to a combination of climatic factors and increased urbanization. In addition, increased temperatures and summer drought lead to increased risk of forest fires as a result of climate change. This may have important consequences for C dynamics and balance in these ecosystems. Soil respiration was measured over 2 successive years in Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota; Qi); Pyrenean Oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd; Qp); and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.; Ps) forest stands located in the area surrounding Madrid (Spain), to assess the long term effects of wildfires on C efflux from the soil, soil properties, and the role of soil temperature and soil moisture in the variation of soil respiration.

Methods

Soil respiration, soil temperature, soil moisture, fine root mass, microbial biomass, biological and chemical soil parameters were compared between non burned (NB) and burned sites (B).

Results

The annual C losses through soil respiration from NB sites in Qi, Qp and Ps were 790, 1010, 1380 gCm−2 yr−1, respectively, with the B sites emitting 43 %, 22 % and 11 % less in Qi, Qp and Ps respectively. Soil microclimate changed with higher soil temperature and lower soil moisture in B sites after fire. Exchangeable cations and the pH also decreased. The total SOC stocks were not significantly altered, but 6–8 years after wildfires, there was still measurably lower fine root and microbial biomass, while SOC quality changed, indicated by lower the C/N ratio and the labile carbon and a relative increase in refractory SOC forms, which resulted in lower Q10 values.

Conclusions

We found long term effects of wildfires on the physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics, which in turn affected soil respiration. The response of soil respiration to temperature was controlled by moisture and changed with ecosystem type, season, and between B and NB sites. Lower post-burn Q10 integrated the loss of roots and microbial biomass, change in SOC quality and a decrease in soil moisture.

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Acknowledgments

This research was conducted in the framework of the Spanish CGL2006-02922/CLI and CGL2009-07031. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Stoyan Holding LTD., Patrimonio Nacional and Community of Madrid for the use of their forest sites. We thank Dr. Robert Jandl for his constructive suggestion to this work. We also thank two anonymous referees for constructive comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Medio Ambiente, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    C. Uribe, R. Inclán & A. M. Fernández

  2. Departamento de Tecnología, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    D. M. Sánchez, M. A. Clavero, R. Morante & A. Cardeña

  3. Departamento Silvopascicultura, Universidad Politécnica, Madrid, Spain

    A. Blanco

  4. Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-5230, USA

    H. Van Miegroet

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  1. C. Uribe
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Uribe, C., Inclán, R., Sánchez, D.M. et al. Effect of wildfires on soil respiration in three typical Mediterranean forest ecosystems in Madrid, Spain. Plant Soil 369, 403–420 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1576-x

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