Abstract
Over the last years, an environmentally friendly and economically efficient way of nanoparticle production has been found in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles by bacteria and cyanobacteria. In this study, Anabaena cylindrica, a non-toxic cyanobacterium, is deployed in a diluted ionic aqueous mixture of equal concentrations of gold, iridium, and rhodium, of 0.1 mM each, for the selective biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs). To analyze the cyanobacterial metal uptake, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were applied. Only gold can be found in crystalline and nanoparticle form inside the cells of A. cylindrica, and it is the only metal for which ICP-MS analyses show a rapid decrease of the concentration in the culture medium. A slight decrease of rhodium and none of iridium was observed in the evaluated timeline of 51 h. The average diameter size of the emerging gold nanoparticles increased over the first few days, but is found to be below 10 nm even after more than 2 days. A new evaluation method was used to determine the spatially resolved distribution of the nanoparticles inside the cyanobacterial cells. This new method was also used to analyze TEM images from earlier studies of A. cylindrica and Anabaena sp., both incubated with an overall concentration of 0.8 mM Au3+ to compare the metal uptake. A. cylindrica was found to be highly selective towards the formation of gold nanoparticles in the presence of rhodium and iridium.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banerjee K, Rai VR (2016) Study on green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their potential applications as catalysts. J Clust Sci 27:1307–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-016-1001-3
Bansal V, Bharde A, Ramanathan R, Bhargava SK (2012) Inorganic materials using “unusual” microorganisms. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 179-182:150–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2012.06.013
Brayner R, Barberousse H, Hernadi M, Djedjat C, Yéprémian C, Coradin T, Livage J, Fiévet F, Couté A (2007) Cyanobacteria as bioreactors for the synthesis of Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt nanoparticles via an enzyme-mediated route. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 7:2696–2708. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.600
Budroni G, Corma A (2006) Gold-organic-inorganic high-surface-area materials as precursors of highly active catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed 45:3321–3328. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200600552
Cui M, Zhao Y, Wang C, Song Q (2016) Synthesis of 2.5 nm colloidal iridium nanoparticles with strong surface enhanced Raman scattering activity. Microchim Acta 183:2047–2053. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1846-z
Dahoumane SA, Yéprémian C, Djédiat C, Couté A, Fiévet F, Coradin T, Brayner R (2014) A global approach of the mechanism involved in the biosynthesis of gold colloids using micro-algae. J Nanopart Res 16:2607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2607-8
Dahoumane SA, Yéprémian C, Djédiat C, Couté A, Fiévet F, Coradin T, Brayner R (2016) Improvement of kinetics, yield, and colloidal stability of biogenic gold nanoparticles using living cells of Euglena gracilis microalga. J Nanopart Res 18:79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3378-1
De Corte S, Hennebel T, De Gusseme B, Verstraete W, Boon N (2012) Bio-palladium: from metal recovery to catalytic applications. Microb Biotechnol 5:5–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00265.x
Fawell JK, Mitchell RE, Hill RE, Everett DJ (1999) The toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse: II anatoxin-a. Hum Exp Toxicol 18:168–173
Ferrando R, Jellinek J, Johnston RL (2008) Nanoalloys: from theory to applications of alloy clusters and nanoparticles. Chem Rev 3:845–910. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr040090g
Foscan M, Ardelean II, Craciun C, Astilean S (2011) Interplay between gold nanoparticle biosynthesis and metabolic activity of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Nanotechnology 22:485101. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/48/485101
Haverkamp RG, Marshall AT, van Agterveld D (2007) Pick your carats: nanoparticles of gold-silver-copper alloy produced in vivo. J Nanopart Res 9:697–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-006-9198-y
Iravani S (2011) Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chem 13:2638–2650. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15386b
Jamal F, Jean-Sébastien G, Maël P, Edmond T, Christian R (2012) Gold nanoparticle synthesis in microfluidic systems and immobilisation in microreactors designed for the catalysis of fine organic reactions. Microsyst Technol 18:151–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-011-1369-9
Karnani RL, Chowdhary A (2013) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle by eco-friendly method. Indian J Nano Sci 2:25–31
Korbekandi H, Iravani S, Abbasi S (2009) Production of nanoparticles using organisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 29:279–306. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388550903062462
Kundu S, Liang H (2011) Shape-selective formation and characterization of catalytically active iridium nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 354(2):597–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.11.032
Langford JI, Wilson AJC (1978) Scherrer after sixty years: a survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size. J Appl Crystallogr 11:102–113. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889878012844
Le Bail A, Duroy H, Fourquet JL (1988) Ab-initio structure determination of LiSbWO6 by X-ray powder diffraction. Mater Res Bull 23:447–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(88)90019-0
Lengke MF, Ravel B, Fleet ME, Wanger G, Gordon RA, Southam G (2006) Mechanisms of gold bioaccumulation by filamentous cyanobacteria from gold(III)-chloride complex. Environ Sci Technol 40:6304–6309. https://doi.org/10.1021/es061040r
Liu H, Huang J, Sun D, Odoom-Wubah T, Li J, Li Q (2014) Continuous-flow biosynthesis of Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles in a microreactor. J Nanopart Res 16:2698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2698-2
Murray AJ, Mikheenko IP, Goralska E, Rowson NA, Macaskie LE (2007) Biorecovery of platinum group metals from secondary sources. Adv Mater Res 20-21:651–654. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.20-21.651
Parajuli D, Kawakita H, Inoue K, Ohto K, Kajiyama K (2007) Persimmon peel gel for the selective recovery of gold. Hydrometallurgy 87:133–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.02.006
Parial D, Patra HK, Dasgupta AKR, Pal R (2012) Screening of different algae for green synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Eur J Phycol 47(1):22–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2011.653406
Rösken LM, Cappel F, Körsten S, Fischer CB, Schönleber A, van Smaalen S, Geimer S, Beresko C, Ankerhold G, Wehner S (2016) Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au0-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 7:312–327. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.30
Rösken LM, Körsten S, Fischer CB, Schönleber A, van Smaalen S, Geimer S, Wehner S (2014) Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au0-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 1. Anabaena sp. J Nanopart Res 16:2370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2370-x
Roychoudhury P, Ghosh S, Pal R (2015) Cyanobacteria mediated green synthesis of gold-silver nanoalloy. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 25(1):73–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-015-0311-0
Scherrer P (1918) Nachr Ges Wiss Goettingen Math-Phys Kl 26:98–100
Smith DK, Jenkins R (1996) International centre for diffraction data (ICDD): powder diffraction file PDF-2, release 2003 reference number 00-004-0784. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 101:259. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.101.027
Srivastava SK, Constanti M (2012) Room temperature biogenic synthesis of multiple nanoparticles (Ag, Pd, Fe, Rh, Ni, Ru, Pt, Co, and Li) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SM1. J Nanopart Res 14:831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-0831-7
Swanson HE, Tatge E (1953) Standard x-ray diffraction powder patterns, vol I - Data for 54 Inorganic Substances. National Bureau of Standards Circular 539, Washington, p 33
Swanson HE, Fuyat RK, Ugrinic GM (1954) Standard x-ray diffraction powder patterns, vol III - Data for 34 Inorganic Substances. National Bureau of Standards Circular 539, Washington, p 9
Swanson HE, Fuyat RK, Ugrinic GM (1955) Standard x-ray diffraction powder patterns, vol IV - Data for 42 Inorganic Substances. National Bureau of Standards Circular 539, Washington, pp 9–10
Tamaoki K, Saito N, Nomura T, Konishi Y (2013) Microbial recovery of rhodium from dilute solutions by the metal ion-reducing bacterium Shewanella algae. Hydrometallurgy 139:26–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2013.06.019
Xiong Y, Adhikari CR, Kawakita H, Ohto K, Inoue K, Harada H (2009) Selective recovery of precious metals by persimmon waste chemically modified with dimethylamine. Bioresour Technol 100:4083–4089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.014
Zhang Y, Grass ME, Kuhn JN, Tao F, Habas SE, Huang W, Yang P, Somorjai GA (2008) Highly selective synthesis of catalytically active monodisperse rhodium nanocubes. J Am Chem Soc 130(18):5868–5869. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja801210s
Zhang T, Li SC, Zhu W, Ke J, JW Y, Zhang ZP, Dai LX, Gu J, Zhang YW (2015) Iridium ultrasmall nanoparticles, worm-like chain nanowires, and porous nanodendrites: One-pot solvothermal synthesis and catalytic CO oxidation activity. Surf Sci 648:319–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2015.10.007
Zhu N, Cao Y, Shi C, Wu P, Ma H (2016) Biorecovery of gold as nanoparticles and its catalytic activities for p-nitrophenol degradation. Eviron Sci Pollut Res 23:7627–7638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-6033-y
Acknowledgements
We thank Werner Manz, Jutta Meier, Alexandra Grün (Microbiology, Campus Koblenz, University Koblenz-Landau), Manoj Schulz, Rita Beel, Michael P. Schlüsener, Lars Düster, and Thomas A. Ternes (Federal Institute of Hydrology, BfG, Koblenz) for analytical support and helpful discussions; Philipp Schuster (Software Languages Team, Campus Koblenz, University Koblenz-Landau) for realizing the image processing tool in HASKELL; Rita Grotjahn (Cell Biology/Electron Microscopy, University Bayreuth) for technical assistance as well as Jan Guretzke for testing the image processing tool.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 1583 kb).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rochert, A.S., Rösken, L.M., Fischer, C.B. et al. Bioselective synthesis of gold nanoparticles from diluted mixed Au, Ir, and Rh ion solution by Anabaena cylindrica . J Nanopart Res 19, 355 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4039-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4039-8