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Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an increasing incidence and dismal prognosis, with few systemic treatments approved, including several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to HCC has resulted in durable activity, and further evaluation is ongoing. In this review, we discuss the immunologic principles and the mechanism of action of the ICIs and present the relevant clinical data. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the current and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC, such as combination treatments, vaccines, and cellular therapies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm B2L312, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1078, USA

    Charalampos S. Floudas, Gagandeep Brar & Tim F. Greten

  2. Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Tim F. Greten

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  1. Charalampos S. Floudas
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Floudas, C.S., Brar, G. & Greten, T.F. Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Dig Dis Sci 64, 1030–1040 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05516-7

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