Skip to main content

Assessing the Role of Behavioral Markers in Adaptive Learning for Emergency Medical Services

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences (AHFE 2018)

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 785))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Tools for adaptive learning are on the rise, resulting in the creation and implementation of increasingly intelligent tutoring systems. These systems can be applied in a variety of contexts, including civilian, military, and emergency operations. Such systems may also include the capability to adapt to learner needs based on performance or behavioral input. However, the use of such adaptation may vary in its success depending on the domain it is applied to. This paper examines the potential utility of adaptive tutoring for educating Emergency Medical Service (EMS) workers. We examine two complementary approaches that can be used to drive adaptation: performance-based and behavior-based adaptive learning models in intelligent tutoring. We then discuss implications of implementing such learning models for intelligent tutoring in EMS. Next, we outline ongoing research as a use case for the validation of different adaptive learning models. Finally, we discuss expected impacts of this line of research, including the expansion of adaptive tutoring to other domains related to EMS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Pew Research Center: Social Trends (2016). http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/10/06/the-state-of-american-jobs/

  2. Brynjolfsson, E., McAfee, A.: Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Digital Frontier Press, Lexington (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Woolf, B.P.: Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered Strategies for Revolutionizing e-Learning. Morgan Kaufman, Burlington (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  4. National Academy of Engineering: Grand Challenges for Engineering. National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Craig, S.D., Graesser, A.C., Sullins, J., Gholson, B.: Affect and learning: an exploratory look into the role of affect in learning with AutoTutor. J. Educ. Media 29(3), 241–250 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hatano, G., Inagaki, K.: Two Courses of Expertise. In: Stevenson, H., Asuma, H., Hakauta, K. (eds.) Child Development and Education in Japan, pp. 262–272. Freeman, San Francisco (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bransford, J.D., Schwartz, D.L.: Rethinking Transfer: A Simple Proposal With Multiple Implications. In: Iran-Nejad, A., Pearson, P.D. (eds.) Review of Research in Education, vol. 24. American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Coultas, C.W., Grossman, R., Salas, E.: Design, delivery, evaluation, and transfer of training systems. In: salvendy, g (ed.) Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 4th edn, pp. 490–533. Wiley, Hoboken (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Pan, S.J., Yang, Q.: A survey on transfer learning. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 22(10), 1345–1359 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. McGaghie, W.C., Issenberg, S.B., Petrusa, E.R., Scalese, R.J.: A critical review of simulation-based medical education research: 2003-2009. Med. Educ. 44(1), 50–63 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kindley, R. W.: Scenario-based e-Learning: a step beyond traditional e-Learning. Learning Circuits (2002). http://www.learningcircuits.org

  12. Lave, J., Wenger, E.: Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Studnek, J.R., Fernandez, A.R., Shimberg, B., Garifo, M., Correll, M.: The association between emergency medical services field performance assessed by high-fidelity simulation and the cognitive knowledge of practicing paramedics. Acad. Emerg. Med. 18(11), 1177–1185 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Vidani, A.C., Chittaro, L., Carchietti, E.: Assessing nurses’ acceptance of a serious game for emergency medical services. In: 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS-GAMES), pp. 101–108. IEEE Press, New York (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Durlach, P., Spain, R.: Framework for instructional technology. In: Duffy, V.G. (ed.) Advances in Applied Human Modeling and Simulation. CRC Press (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pea, R.D.: The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity. J. Learn. Sci. 13(3), 423–451 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Murray, T., Arroyo, I.: Toward measuring and maintaining the zone of proximal development in adaptive instructional systems. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Vygotsky, L.S.: Mind and Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Anderson, J.A., Corbett, A.T., Koedinger, K., Pelletier, R.: Cognitive tutors: lessons learned. J. Learn. Sci. 4(2), 167–207 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Dillenbourg, P., Self, J.: A framework for learner modeling. Interact. Learn. Environ. 2(2), 111–137 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pardos, Z.A., Heffernan, N.T., Anderson, B., Heffernan, C.L.: Using fine-grained skill models to fit student performance with bayesian networks. In: Christobal, R. (ed.) Handbook of Educational Data Mining, pp. 417–426. CRC Press (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vesin, B., Klašnja-Milićević, A., Ivanović, M., Budimac, Z.: Applying recommender systems and adaptive hypermedia for e-Learning personalization. Comput. Inform. 32(3), 629–659 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Dziuban, C., Moskal, P., Johnson, C., Evans, D.: Adaptive learning: a tale of two contexts. Current Issues in Emerg. e-Learn. 4(1), 3 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Buckley, R., Caple, J.: The Theory and Practice of Training. Kogan Page Publishers, London (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. United States Department of Transportation, & National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. EMT-Basic: National Standard Curriculum (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sottilare, R.A.: Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Research in Support of the Army Learning Model: Research Outline. US Army Research Laboratory (ARL-SR-0284) (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Duffy, E.: The psychological significance of the concept of “Arousal” or “Activation”. Psychol. Rev. 64(5), 265 (1957)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Berlyne, D.E.: Curiosity and learning. Motiv. Emot. 2(2), 97–175 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cohn, J.V., Kruse, A., Stripling, R.: Investigating the transition from novice to expert in a virtual training environment using neuro-cognitive measures. In: Schmorrow, D. (ed.) Foundations of Augmented Cognition. LEA, Mattawan, NJ (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cohn, J.V., Nicholson, D., Schmorrow, D. (eds.): The PSI Handbook of Virtual Environments for Training and Education, vol. 3. Praeger Security International, Westport, CT (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kirkpatrick, D.L.: Implementing the Four Levels: A Practical Guide for Effective Evaluation of Training Programs. Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Williams, B., Boyle, M., Molloy, A., Brightwell, R., Munro, G.: Undergraduate paramedic students’ attitudes to E-Learning: findings from five university programs. Res. Learn. Technol. 19(2), 89–100 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Freeman, J.B., Ambady, N.: MouseTracker: software for studying real-time mental processing using a computer mouse-tracking method. Behav. Res. Methods 42(1), 226–241 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kawatsu, C., Hubal, R., Marinier, R.: Predicting students’ decisions in a training simulation: a novel application of TrueSkill™. IEEE Trans. Comput. Intell. AI Games, 99 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Folsom-Kovarik, J.T.: Developing a pattern recognition structure to tailor mid-lesson feedback. In: Sottilare, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the 5th Annual Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) Users Symposium (GIFTSym5), self published (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wearne, A., Wray, R. E.: Exploration of Behavior Markers to Support Adaptive Learning Lecture Notes in Computer Science. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Human Computer Interaction International (HCII) Conference, Las Vegas (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wray, R.E., Stowers, K.: Interactions between learner assessment and content requirements: a verification approach. In: Andre, T. (ed.) Advances in Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences, pp. 36–45. Springer, Cham, Switzerland (2018)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. Shute, V.J.: Focus on formative feedback. Rev. Educ. Res. 78(1), 153–189 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported, in part, by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, through the Joint Program Committee-1/Medical Simulation and Information Science Research Program under Award No. W81XWH-16-1-0460. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity, 820 Chandler Street, Fort Detrick MD 21702-5014 is the awarding and administering acquisition office.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kimberly Stowers .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Stowers, K., Brady, L., Huh, Y., Wray, R.E. (2019). Assessing the Role of Behavioral Markers in Adaptive Learning for Emergency Medical Services. In: Nazir, S., Teperi, AM., Polak-Sopińska, A. (eds) Advances in Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences. AHFE 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 785. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93882-0_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93882-0_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93881-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93882-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics