Abstract
A neoplastic transformation is usually associated with alterations in cell differentiation (Matsushima et al., 1968; Potter, 1969). Several of the markers characteristic of cancer cells are associated with such alterations in differentiation. Molecules that normally occur at certain stages of embryonal development can be demonstrated by immunological techniques. Several of these molecules are also produced normally in small quantities in adult tissues. Some are not immunogenic in the host of origin, but can be detected by antisera produced in other animal species; others are immunogenic in the host of origin and induce demonstrable immune responses. The appearance of altered nuclear nonhistone proteins detectable by xenogeneic antisera may reflect alterations in the transcriptional restrictions of cell DNA associated with transformation from the normal to the neoplastic phenotype. The altered cell differentiation may also result in the disappearance of molecules that are present in the untransformed cells. Finally, entirely new or altered macromolecules, which are not present in either embryonic or normal adult cells, may appear and elicit immune responses.
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Sjögren, H.O., Wahren, B. (1982). Gastrointestinal Cancer Markers. In: Sell, S., Wahren, B. (eds) Human Cancer Markers. Contemporary Biomedicine, vol 2. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5808-7_5
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