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New insights in pathogen-related cancers

Infectious agents cause approximately 20% of all human cancer cases worldwide, with higher rates in low-income countries. Six human viruses, including high-risk alpha human papillomaviruses (HPV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8), have been classified as class 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In addition, the Helicobacter pylori bacterium as well as the Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, and Schistosoma haematobium helminths have been also defined as class 1 carcinogens to humans. All known oncogenic pathogens can promote cell survival and transformation because of their common abilities to cause chronic insults, genetic and epigenetic alterations, deregulated metabolic pathways, and immune escape.

Articles (15 in this collection)