Abstract
We discuss various ideas on the nonperturbative vacuum structure in QCD. The stochastic vacuum model of Dosch and Simonov is presented in some detail. We show how this model produces confinement. The model incorporates the idea of the QCD vacuum acting like a dual superconductor due to an effective chromomagnetic monopole condensate. We turn then to high energy, small momentum transfer hadron-hadron scattering. A field-theoretic formalism to treat these reactions is developed, where the basic quantities governing the scattering amplitudes are correlation functions of light-like Wegner-Wilson lines and loops. The evaluation of these correlation functions with the help of the Minkowskian version of the stochastic vacuum model is discussed. A further surprising manifestation of the nontrivial vacuum structure in QCD may be the production of anomalous soft photons in hadron-hadron collisions. We interpret these photons as being due to “synchrotron radiation from the vacuum”. A duality argument leads us from there to the expectation of anomalous pieces proportional to (Q 2)1/6 in the electric form factors of the nucleons for small Q 2. Finally we sketch the idea that in the Drell-Yan reaction, where a quark-antiquark pair annihilates with the production of a lepton pair, a “chromodynamic Sokolov-Ternov effect” may be at work. This leads to a spin correlation of the q \(\bar q\) pair, observable through the angular distribution of the lepton pair.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
H. Fritzsch,, M. Gell-Mann, H. Leutwyler: Phys. Lett. B47, 365 (1973)
M. Gell-Mann: Acta Physica Austriaca, Suppl. 9, 733 (1972)
G.’ t Hooft: remarks at a conference in Marseille (1972)
H. d. Politzer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1346 (1973)
D. Gross, F. Wilczek: Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973)
K. G. Wilson: Phys. Rev. D10, 2445 (1974)
P. Lepage: “Designer Field Theory-Redesigning Lattice QCD” in “Perturbative and Nonperturbative Aspects of Quantum Field Theory”, eds. H. Latal W. Schweiger, to be published by Springer, Heidelberg
G. Altarelli: Phys. Rep. 81, 1 (1982)
J. L. Cardy, G. A. Winbow: Phys. Lett. B52, 95 (1974)
C. E. DeTar, S. D. Ellis, P. V. Landshoff: Nucl. Phys. B87, 176 (1975)
H. D. Politzer: Nucl. Phys. B129, 301 (1977)
C. T. Sachrajda: Phys. Lett. B73, 185 (1978)
D. Amati, R. Petronzio, G. Veneziano: Nucl. Phys. B140, 54 (1978); B146, 29 (1978)
R. K. Ellis, H. Georgi, M. Machacek, H. D. Politzer, G. G. Ross: Nucl. Phys. B152, 285 (1979)
S. B. Libby, G. Sterman: Phys. Rev. D18, 3252 (1978)
S. Gupta, A. H. Mueller: Phys. Rev. D20, 118 (1979)
J. C. Collins, D. E. Soper, G. Sterman: Nucl. Phys. B261, 104 (1985); B308, 833 (1988)
G. Sterman: Phys. Lett. B179, 281 (1986); Nucl. Phys. B281, 310 (1987)
J. C. Collins, D. E. Soper: Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 37, 383 (1987)
T. Matsuura, W. L. van Neerven: Z. Phys. C38, 623 (1988)
J. C. Collins, D. E. Soper, G. Sterman: “Factorization of Hard Processes in QCD”, in “Perturbative QCD”, A. H. Mueller, ed., World Scientific, Singapore 1990
G. T. Bodwin, Phys. Rev. D31, 2616 (1985)
G. T. Bodwin, S. J. Brodsky, G. P. Lepage: Phys. Rev. D39, 3287 (1989)
A. H. Mueller, Les Houches Lectures 1991
G. Sterman; “Factorization and Resummation”, in “Perturbative and Nonperturbative Aspects of Quantum Field Theory”, eds. H. Latal, W. Schweiger, to be published by Springer, Heidelberg
J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard, W. J. Zakrzewski: Phys. Lett. B81, 224 (1979)
R. Doria, J. Frenkel, J. C. Taylor: Nucl. Phys. B168, 93 (1980)
O. Nachtmann, A. Reiter: Z. Phys. C24, 283 (1984)
T. T. Wu, C. N. Yang: Phys. Rev. B137, 708 (1965)
T. T. Chou, C. N. Yang: Phys. Rev. B170, 1591 (1968); Phys. Rev. D19, 3268 (1979); Phys. Lett. B128, 457 (1983); Phys. Lett. B244, 113 (1990)
J. Dias de Deus, P. Kroll: Phys. Lett. B60, 375 (1976); Nuovo Cimento A37, 67 (1977)
P. Kroll: Z. Phys. C15, 67 (1982)
J. Hüfner, B. Povh: Phys. Rev. D46, 990 (1992)
C. Bourrely, J. Soffer, T. T. Wu: Nucl. Phys. B247, 15 (1984); Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 757 (1985); Phys. Lett. B196, 237 (1987); Z. Phys. C37, 369 (1988)
R. J. Glauber, J. Velasco: Phys. Lett. B147, 380 (1984)
R. Henzi, P. Valin: Phys. Lett. B149, 239 (1984)
E. M. Levin, L. L. Frankfurt: JETP Lett. 2, 65 (1965)
H. J. Lipkin, F. Scheck: Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 71 (1966)
H. J. Lipkin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 1015 (1966)
J. J. J. Kokkedee, L. Van Hove: Nuovo Cimento A42, 711 (1966)
V. V. Anisovich et al.: “Quark Model and High Energy Collisions”, World Scientific, Singapore 1985
P. D. B. Collins: “An Introduction to Regge Theory”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 1977
L. Caneschi, ed.: Regge Theory of low p t hadronic interaction, North Holland, Amsterdam 1989
G. 't Hooft: Nucl. Phys. B72, 461 (1974)
G. Veneziano: Nucl. Phys. B74, 365 (1974); Phys. Lett. B52, 220 (1974); Nucl. Phys. B117, 519 (1976)
M. Ciafaloni, G. Marchesini, G. Veneziano: Nucl. Phys. B98, 472, 493 (1975)
A. Capella, U. Sukhatme, Chung-I Tan, J. Tran Thanh Van: Phys. Lett. B81, 68 (1979)
A. Capella, U. Sukhatme, J. Tran Thanh Van: Z. Phys. C3, 329 (1980)
B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, G. Ingelman, T. Sjöstrand: Phys. Rep. C97, 31 (1983)
X. Artru: Phys. Rep. C97, 147 (1983)
B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, B. Nilsson-Almqvist: Nucl. Phys. B281, 289 (1987)
K. Werner: Phys. Rep. C232, 87 (1993)
R. C. Hwa: Phys. Rev. D22, 759, 1593 (1980)
R. C. Hwa, M. Sajjad Zahir: Phys. Rev. D23, 2539 (1981)
R. C. Hwa: “Central production and small angle elastic scattering in the valon model”, Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Multiparticle Dynamics, Notre Dame, 1981 (W. D. Shephard, V. P. Kenny, eds.) World Scientific, Singapore 1982
E. A. Kuraev, L. N. Lipatov, V. S. Fadin: Sov. Phys. J.E.T.P. 44, 443 (1976), 45, 199 (1977)
L. N. Lipatov: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 23, 338 (1976)
Ya. Ya. Balitskii, L. N. Lipatov: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 28, 822 (1978)
L. N. Lipatov: Sov. Phys. J.E.T.P. 63, 904 (1986)
L. N. Lipatov: “Pomeron in Quantum Chromodynamics”, in “Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics” (A. H. Mueller, Ed.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1989
A. R. White: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A6, 1859 (1990)
J. Bartels: Z. Phys. C60, 471 (1993)
F. E. Low: Phys. Rev. D12, 163 (1975)
S. Nussinov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1286 (1975)
J. F. Gunion, D. E. Soper: Phys. Rev. D15, 2617 (1977)
A. Donnachie, P. V. Landshoff: Nucl. Phys. B244, 322 (1984); Nucl. Phys. B267, 690 (1986); Phys. Lett. B185, 403 (1987)
W. Heisenberg: Z. Phys. 133, 65 (1952)
H. Cheng, T. T. Wu: “Expanding Protons”, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1987, and references cited therein.
P. V. Landshoff, O. Nachtmann: Z. Phys. C35, 405 (1987)
G. K. Savvidy: Phys. Lett. 71B, 133 (1977)
A. I. Vainshtein, V. I. Zakharov, M. A. Shifman: JETP Lett. 27, 55 (1978)
N.K. Nielsen, P. Olesen: Nucl. Phys. B144, 376 (1978)
M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein, V. I. Zakharov: Nucl. Phys. B147, 385, 448, 519 (1979)
G. 't Hooft: Cargèse Lectures, 1979, ed. G. 't Hooft et al., Plenum, New York, London 1980
G. 't Hooft: Acta Phys. Austriaca, Suppl. 22, 531 (1980)
G. Mack: Acta Phys. Austriaca, Suppl. 22, 509 (1980)
J. Ambjørn, P. Olesen: Nucl. Phys. B170, 60, 265 (1980)
H. Leutwyler: Phys. Lett. 96B, 154 (1980)
T. H. Hansson, K. Johnson, C. Peterson: Phys. Rev. D26, 2069 (1982)
E. V. Shuryak: Phys. Rep. C115, 151 (1984), and references cited therein
H. M. Fried, B. Müller (eds.): “QCD Vacuum Structure”, World Scientific, Singapore 1993
J. C. Maxwell: Philos. Mag. 21, 281 (1861), reproduced in: The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Vol. 1, p. 488; W. D. Niven, ed., Cambridge Univ. Press 1890
H. G. Dosch: “Nonperturbative Methods in Quantum Chromodynamics”, Progr. in Part. and Nucl. Phys. 33, 121 (1994)
H. G. Dosch: Phys. Lett. B190, 177 (1987)
H. G. Dosch, Yu. A. Simonov: Phys. Lett. B205, 339 (1988)
Yu. A. Simonov: Nucl. Phys. B307, 512 (1988)
J. Schwinger: Phys. Rev. 82, 664 (1951)
I. Ya. Aref'eva: Theor. Mat. Phys. 43, 353 (1980)
N. E. Bralić: Phys. Rev. D22, 3090 (1980)
P. M. Fishbane, S. Gasioroviwcz, P. Kaus: Phys. Rev. D24, 2324 (1981)
L. Diosi: Phys. Rev. D27, 2552 (1983)
Yu. A. Simonov: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 48, 878 (1988)
N. G. Van Kampen: Physica 74, 215, 239 (1974); Phys. Rep. C24, 172 (1976)
A. DiGiacomo, H. Panagopoulos: Phys. Lett. B285, 133 (1992)
H. G. Dosch, E. Ferreira, A. Krämer: Phys. Rev. D50, 1992 (1994)
V. A. Novikow, M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein, V. I. Zakharov: Nucl. Phys. B191, 301 (1981)
F. Borkowski et al., Nucl. Phys. A222, 269 (1974)
F. Borkowski et al.: Nucl. Phys. B93, 461 (1975)
S. R. Amendolia et al.: Nucl. Phys. B277, 168 (1986)
B. Povh, J. Hüfner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1612 (1987)
E. Eichten, K. Gottfried, T. Kinoshita, K. D. Lane, T. M. Yan: Phys. Rev. D21, 203 (1980)
M. Rueter, H. G. Dosch: Z. Phys. C66, 245 (1995)
O. Nachtmann: Ann. Phys. 209, 436 (1991)
B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, G. Ingelman, T. Sjöstrand: Phys. Rep. C97, 33 (1983)
W. Buchmüller, A. Hebecker: “Semiclassical approach to structure functions at small x”, report DESY 95–208 (1995)
H. Verlinde, E. Verlinde: “QCD at high energies and two-dimensional field theory” report PUPT-1319, IASSNS-HEP-92/30 (1993)
L. Van Hove: Phys. Lett. 24B, 183 (1967)
L. Lukaszuk, B. Nicolescu: Nuovo Cimento Lett. 8, 405 (1973)
D. Bernard, P. Gauron, B. Nicolescu: Phys. Lett. B199, 125 (1987)
E. Leader: Phys. Lett. B253, 457 (1991)
A. Krämer, H. G. Dosch: Phys. Lett. B252, 669 (1990), B272, 114 (1991)
H. G. Dosch, E. Ferreira, A. Krämer: Phys. Lett. B289, 153 (1992)
E. Berger, “Nichtstörungstheoretische Methoden zur Beschreibung von Reaktionen mit kleinem Impulstransfer in einem abelschen Modell”, diploma thesis, Univ. of Heidelberg (1996), unpublished
G. B. West: Phys. Lett. B115, 468 (1982)
C. D. Roberts, A. G. Williams: Progr. Part. and Nucl. Phys. 33, 477 (1994), and references cited therein
K. Büttner, M. R. Pennington: “Infrared behaviour of the gluon propagator: Confining or confined?”, Durham Univ. report DTP-95/32 (1995)
M. Rueter, H. G. Dosch: “Nucleon Structure and High Energy Scattering”, Univ. of Heidelberg report HD-THEP-96-04, hep-ph/9603214 (1996)
R. P. Feynman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1415 (1969); “Photon-Hadron Interactions”, W. A. Benjamin, Reading, Mass. 1972
I. M. Ternov, Yu. M. Loskutov, L. I. Korovina: Zh. Eskp. Teor. Fiz. 41, 1294 (1961) (Sov. Phys.-JETP 14, 921 (1962))
A. A. Sokolov, I. M. Ternov: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 153, 1052 (1963) (Sov. Phys.-Dokl. 8, 1203 (1964))
J. D. Jackson: Rev. Mod. Phys. 48, 417 (1976)
G. W. Botz, P. Haberl, O. Nachtmann: Z. Phys. C67, 143 (1995)
F. E. Low: Phys. Rev. 110, 974 (1958)
P. V. Chliapnikov et al.: Phys. Lett. 141B, 276 (1984)
F. Botterweck et al.: Z. Phys. C51, 541 (1991)
S. Abatzis et al.: Nucl. Phys. A525, 487c (1991)
S. Banerjee et al. (SOPHIE/WA83 coll.): Phys. Lett. 305B, 182 (1993)
J. Antos et al.: Z. Phys. C59, 547 (1993)
E. Fermi: Z. Phys. 29, 315 (1924)
C. F. v. Weizsäcker: Z. Phys. 88, 612 (1934)
E. J. Williams: Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab. Mat.-Fiz. Medd. 13, No 4 (1935)
V. M. Budnev et al.: Phys. Rep. C15, 181 (1975)
S. Platchkov et al.: Nucl. Phys. A510, 740 (1990)
M. Meyerhoff et al.: “First measurement of the electric form factor of the neutron in the exclusive quasielastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized 3 He”, Univ. Mainz Report (1994)
H. Leeb, C. Teichtmeister: Phys. Rev. C48, 1719 (1993)
P. E. Bosted et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3841 (1992)
R. D. Carlitz, S. D. Ellis, R. Savit: Phys. Lett. 68B, 443 (1977)
N. Isgur, G. Karl, R. Koniuk: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1269 (1978)
D. Gromes: “Ordinary Hadrons”, in Proc. Yukon Adv. Study Inst.: The Quark Structure of Matter, eds. N. Isgur, G. Karl, P. J. O'Donnell (World Scientific, Singapore 1985)
A. Brandenburg, E. Mirkes, O. Nachtmann: Z. Phys. C60, 697 (1993)
S. Falciano et al., (NA10 coll.): Z. Phys. C31, 513 (1986)
M. Guanziroli et al., (NA10 coll.): Z. Phys. C37, 545 (1988)
W. Buchmüller, A. Hebecker: Phys. Lett. B355, 573 (1995)
A. Edin, G. Ingelman, J. Rathsman: Phys. Lett. B366, 371 (1996)
A. Efremov, D. Kharzeev: Phys. Lett. B366, 311 (1996)
W. Bonivento et al. (DELPHI Coll.): “A measurement of quark spin correlations in hadronic Z 0 decays,” Contribution to the EPS-HEP 95 conference, Brussels, August 1995
H. B. Nielsen, A. Patkos: Nucl. Phys. B195, 137 (1982)
S. V. Mikhailov, A. V. Radyushkin: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 49, 494 (1989)
E. V. Shuryak: Nucl. Phys. B328, 85 (1989)
P. Ball, V. M. Braun, H. G. Dosch: Phys. Rev. D44, 3567 (1991)
C. Alexandrou, S. Güsken, F. Jegerlehner, K. Schilling, R. Sommer: Nucl. Phys. B414, 815 (1994)
R. Sommer: report DESY 94–011 (1994), unpublished
U. M. Heller, K. M. Bitar, R. G. Edwards, A. D. Kennedy: Phys. Lett. B335, 71 (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nachtmann, O. (1997). High energy collisions and nonperturbative QCD. In: Lenz, F., Grießhammer, H., Stoll, D. (eds) Lectures on QCD. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 496. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0105857
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0105857
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63442-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46967-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive