Abstract
Over the last decades, plant-based expression systems have emerged as a novel platform for the production of recombinant proteins due to a number of advantages compared to the conventional established expression systems based on bacteria, yeast, or mammalian cell cultures. These advantages include low cost, high scalability, considerable productivity, rapid production, safety, capacity to produce multimeric or glycosylated proteins, and for certain biopharmaceuticals the option of distribution at ambient temperature and needle-free oral administration. Several molecular pharming products have reached the market-ready stage, but the number of success stories has been limited by industrial inertia driven by regulatory hurdles that create barriers to translation. This chapter discusses the advantages and opportunities offered by the use of plant-based expression systems for biopharmaceutical production. The plant-based systems appear as a meaningful alternative during global economic and ecological crisis, especially important in developing countries. The high cost of therapeutics produced by existing methods promotes consideration of the challenges and potential future directions to enable the broader application of production platforms based on plants.
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Abbreviations
- ADH:
-
Alcohol dehydrogenase
- AEC:
-
Anion exchange chromatography
- AFC:
-
Affinity chromatography
- AIDS:
-
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- AMV:
-
Alfalfa mosaic virus
- ApoA1:
-
Apolipoprotein A-I
- CaMV35S:
-
Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter
- CEC:
-
Cation exchange chromatography
- CHO:
-
Chinese hamster ovary cell line
- CMV:
-
Cucumber mosaic virus
- COVID-19:
-
Coronavirus disease 2019
- CP:
-
Coat protein
- CPMV:
-
Cowpea mosaic virus
- CRISPR/Cas9:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, the process carried out by Cas9 complex
- Ct:
-
Calcitonin
- DNA:
-
Deoxyribonucleic acid
- EGF:
-
Epidermal growth factor
- ELPs:
-
Elastin-like polypeptides
- EPO:
-
Erythropoietin
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- ETEC:
-
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
- EU:
-
European Union
- EVD:
-
Ebola virus disease
- Fab:
-
Fragment antigen-binding region
- Fc:
-
Fragment crystallizable
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- FW:
-
Fresh weight
- GCP:
-
Good clinical practice
- Glb-1:
-
Globulin protein
- GLP:
-
Good laboratory practice
- GluB-1,-4:
-
Glutelin proteins
- GM:
-
Genetically modified
- GMP:
-
Good manufacturing practice
- GST:
-
Glutathione-S-transferase
- HBcAg:
-
Hepatitis B core antigen
- HBV:
-
Hepatitis B virus
- HEK293:
-
Human embryonic kidney cell line
- hGH:
-
Human growth hormone
- HIC:
-
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- HPV:
-
Human papillomavirus
- HSP:
-
Heat-shock protein
- IEC:
-
Ion-exchange chromatography
- Ig:
-
Immunoglobulin
- ILs:
-
Interleukins
- kDa:
-
Kilo daltons
- kg:
-
Kilogram
- LicKM:
-
Lichenase, 1,3-1,4-glucanase
- mAbs:
-
Monoclonal antibodies
- MBP:
-
Maltose-binding protein
- MMC:
-
Mixed-mode chromatography
- MP:
-
Movement protein
- NDV:
-
Newcastle disease virus
- NOS:
-
Nopaline synthase
- OPRX-106:
-
Tumor necrosis factor—Fc fusion, the form of TNF produced by Protalix Biotherapeutics
- OST:
-
Oligosaccharyl transferase
- PBs:
-
Protein bodies
- PTGS:
-
Posttranscriptional gene silencing
- PVX:
-
Potato virus X
- QVLP:
-
Quadrivalent influenza vaccine
- RNA:
-
Ribonucleic acid
- SARS-CoV-2:
-
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- scFvs:
-
Single-chain antibody variable-region fragments
- SEC:
-
Size-exclusion chromatography
- SUMO:
-
Small ubiquitin-related modifier
- TGS:
-
Transcriptional gene silencing
- TMV:
-
Tobacco mosaic virus
- TRX:
-
Thioredoxin
- TSP:
-
Total soluble protein
- USA:
-
United States of America
- USDA:
-
United States Department of Agriculture
- UTRs:
-
Untranslated regions
- VHHs:
-
Heavy chain-only antibodies
- VLPs:
-
Viruslike particles
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Acknowledgments
The research leading to these results has received funding from the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021 and the POLS project, No. 2020/37/K/NZ7/02387.
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Ortega-Berlanga, B., Pniewski, T. (2023). Plant Molecular Pharming: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. In: Kole, C., Chaurasia, A., Hefferon, K.L., Panigrahi, J. (eds) Tools & Techniques of Plant Molecular Farming. Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4859-8_2
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