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Zero-Valent Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment

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Advanced Application of Nanotechnology to Industrial Wastewater

Abstract

Wastewater from various industries majorly includes organic pollutants and heavy metals. They pose a serious threat to the environment because they are toxic and not biodegradable. In this scenario, metallic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, platinum, iron, copper and selenium are explored for wastewater treatment. However, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), representing the forefront of technologies, has been considered as promising material, due to its high reducibility and strong adsorption capability. ZVI is typically applied as a reductant and is capable of transforming, degrading or sequestering a variety of contaminants. ZVIs can be applied as either a single or a bimetallic system as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Moreover, core–shell type nanoparticles are a type of biphasic materials which have an inner core structure and an outer shell made of different components. Organic shells, consisting in most cases of polymers, proteins or complex sugars, can improve the performance of inorganic nanoparticles by enhancing their biocompatibility, acting as anchor sites for molecular linkages, or protecting them from oxidation. In this chapter, we will be focusing on the role of zero-valent iron and hybrid metallic nanoparticles in wastewater treatment due to their ability for the removal of various pollutants with a special emphasis on adsorption and photocatalysis. Further, this chapter focuses on challenges addressing the treatment and future trends.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Arindam Sinharoy, Arindam Sinharoy & Priyanka Uddandarao

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  1. Arindam Sinharoy
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  2. Priyanka Uddandarao
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Correspondence to Arindam Sinharoy .

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  1. Environmental Microbiology Lab, Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India

    Maulin P. Shah

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Sinharoy, A., Uddandarao, P. (2023). Zero-Valent Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment. In: Shah, M.P. (eds) Advanced Application of Nanotechnology to Industrial Wastewater. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3292-4_4

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