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Gut Microbiome: Perspectives and Challenges in Human Health

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Role of Microbes in Sustainable Development

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Abstract

The phrase “gut microbiome” refers to the huge array of symbiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of humans as well as their genomes that interact collectively. The latest research suggests that the gut microbes mount multiple crucial biochemical roles for the host as well as those microbiome abnormalities are linked to a wide range of human disease processes. Trillions of microorganisms (altogether referred as the gut microbiota) live in the gastrointestinal system and perform critical roles which are related to host physiology and health. Pathogenesis research has found certain species, bacterial genes, as well as metabolites that have roles in different illnesses and medicinal targets. The gut microbiota has a functional part in macronutrient metabolism, immune system development, and the synthesis of pro or anti-inflammatory signalling molecules and peptides. It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiome has a role in the development of a number of systemic disease states, including obesity and cardiovascular disease, as well as intestinal disorders like inflammatory bowel disease. Active investigation on the roles of the microbes along with the processes underpinning host–microbe interactions will result in a higher understanding function of the microbiota in health moreover illness. Thus, knowing microbiome action is critical for the creation of future customised healthcare methods, and possibly giving novel potential pharmacological targets and research pathways in this rapidly increasing sector in terms of future personalised healthcare strategies. The present chapter focuses on composition, manipulation, and biological factors related to gut microbiota. It also discusses technical challenges related to the gut microbiome and host interactions. Furthermore, future perspectives and utilisations of the gut microbiome are also highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Arni School of Basic Sciences, Arni University, Kathgarh, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Neha Salaria &  Neeraj

  2. Department of Microbiology, SKIMS Medical College & Hospital, Srinagar, India

    Junaid Furhan

  3. Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Rajesh Kumar

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  1. Neha Salaria
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  2. Neeraj
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  3. Junaid Furhan
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  4. Rajesh Kumar
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. INSA Senior Scientist and Professor Emeritus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    R.C. Sobti

  2. Former Vice Chancellor, Central University, Haryana, India

    Ramesh Chander Kuhad

  3. Professor Emeritus, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Rup Lal

  4. Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Parveen Rishi

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Salaria, N., Neeraj, Furhan, J., Kumar, R. (2023). Gut Microbiome: Perspectives and Challenges in Human Health. In: Sobti, R., Kuhad, R.C., Lal, R., Rishi, P. (eds) Role of Microbes in Sustainable Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3126-2_3

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