Abstract
Nowadays, environmental pollution is rising due to dynamic civilization and technological developments. The varieties of heavy metals can cause hazardous effects on plants, animals, and human beings when exposed. Heavy metals may show resistance to the degradation process and exhibit chemical toxicity in water. Therefore, heavy metals in industrial wastewater are threatening living organisms even at low concentrations. According to earlier research, chemical and physical approaches for remediation are not sufficient to control pollution problems due to the continuous generation of novel pollutants. Therefore, use of microbes for remediation is an eco-friendly approach as microbes can survive or adapt at wide range of environmental conditions. Microbes can use several combinations of electron donors and electron acceptors to regulate their metabolism. Different types of microorganisms like bacteria, algae, fungi, and yeast are widely used in bioremediation. However, bioremediation can be successful only when environmental conditions like temperature, pH, soil type, availability of oxygen, and nutrients are favorable for microbial growth which enhances the degradation process. This process can be divided into several techniques like biofilters, bioventing, composting, bioreactor, biofarming, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation. Bioremediation mechanisms may include biosorption, bioaugmentation, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, bioprecipitation, biocrystallization, and bioleaching. The remediation of heavy metals may be stimulatory or inhibitory to microbes mainly depending on metal ion concentration, chemical forms, and redox potential. Therefore, the main aim of this chapter is to showcase a recent update on the role of microbes in the bioremediation process using different approaches.
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17 September 2023
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Mahamuni-Badiger, P., Patel, P.R., Patil, P.M., Gurav, R., Hwang, S., Dhanavade, M.J. (2023). Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater: An Overview with Recent Developments. In: Shah, M.P. (eds) Advanced and Innovative Approaches of Environmental Biotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2598-8_15
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