Abstract
Magnesium-based metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) are new class materials which can be used widely in aerospace, biomedical, electronics and automobile industries due to their low density, sustainability, good specific strength and better tribological properties. Performance of MMNCs depends on several factors, i.e., composition and combination of reinforcement, processing methods, etc. Present study tries to review available literatures to discuss about the role of those factors on mechanical properties, tribological properties and corrosion behaviors of magnesium-based MMNCs. In this study, liquid metallurgy-based primary processing methods and secondary methods are discussed in details with the help of available literatures. Roles of ultrasonic treatment, cavitation and acoustic streaming on distribution of nanoparticles are discussed in details. Strengthening mechanisms between particle and matrix metal are also presented. Effects of particles like Al2O3, SiC, WC, TiB2, CNT on mechanical, tribological and corrosion behavior are discussed. Mechanical properties (UTS, YS, microhardness, creep behavior) are mainly discussed and available literatures revealed that the presence of nanoparticles normally enhance these properties. Literature on tribological behavior yielded that nanoparticles help to enhance wear and friction behavior of Mg-MMNCs at room and elevated temperatures. Effects of tribological parameters (load, sliding speed, sliding distance) are also discussed. But researchers are split into two groups about corrosion characteristics of magnesium composites. Some researchers reported that corrosion resistance is decreased due to presence of reinforcement while others concluded that corrosion resistance is enhanced due to reinforcing particles.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdullah A, Malaki M, Baghizadeh E (2012) On the impact of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng Part C J Mech Eng Sci 226:681–694
Abdullah A, Pak A, Abdullah MM, Shahidi A, Malaki M (2014) Study of the behavior of ultrasonic piezo-ceramic actuators by simulations. Electron Mater Lett 10:37–42
Akbari MK, Mirzaee O, Baharvandi H (2013) Fabrication and study on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of nanometric Al2O3 particle-reinforced A356 composites focusing on the parameters of vortex method. Mater. Des. 46:199–205
Aung NN, Zhou W, Goh CS, Nai SML, Wei J (2010) Effect of carbon nanotubes on corrosion of Mg–CNT composites. Corros Sci 52(5):1551–1553
Banerjee S, Poria S, Sutradhar G, Sahoo P (2019a) Corrosion behavior of AZ31-WC nano-composites. J Magnesium Alloys 7(4):681–695
Banerjee S, Poria S, Sutradhar G, Sahoo P (2019b) Tribological behavior of Mg-WC nano-composites at elevated temperature. Mater Res Express 6(8):0865c6
Banerjee S, Poria S, Sutradhar G, Sahoo P (2019b) Dry sliding Tribological behavior of AZ31-WC nano-composites. J Magnesium Alloys 7:315–327
Bao S, Li L, Hong Y, Hu Z (2010) Study on the fabrication of SiCp/AZ31 nanocomposites by high energy ultrasonic vibration and its characteristics. J Plasticity Eng 1:139–143
Bhingole PP, Chaudhari GP (2012) Synergy of nano carbon black inoculation and high intensity ultrasonic processing in cast magnesium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 556:954–961
Cao G, Choi H, Oportus J, Konishi H, Li X (2008) Study on tensile properties and microstructure of cast AZ91D/AlN nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng A 494:127–131
Cao G, Kobliska J, Konishi H, Li X (2008) Tensile properties and microstructure of SiC nanoparticle-reinforced Mg-4Zn alloy fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation-based solidification processing. Metall Mater Trans A 39:880–886
Chan WM, Cheng FT, Leung LK, Horylev RJ, Yue TM (1998) Corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy AZ91 and its MMC in NaCl solution. Corros Rev 16(1–2):43–52
Chen K, Li ZQ, Zhou HZ, Wang WK (2007) Influence of high intensity ultrasonic vibration on microstructure of in-situ synthesized Mg2Si/Mg composite. T Nonferr Metals Soc 17:s391–s395
Chen LY, Xu JQ, Choi H, Pozuelo M, Ma XL, Bhowmick S, Yang JM, Mathaudhu S, Li XC (2015) Processing and properties of magnesium containing a dense uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. Nature 528:539–543
Chen LY, Peng JY, Xu JQ et al (2013) Achieving uniform distribution and dispersion of a high percentage of nanoparticles in metal matrix nanocomposites by solidification processing. Scr Mater 69:634–637
Choi H, Alba-Baena N, Nimityongskul S et al (2011) Characterization of hot extruded Mg/SiC nanocomposites fabricated by casting. J Mater Sci 46:2991–2997
Choi H, Sun Y, Slater BP, Konishi H, Li X (2012) AZ91D/TiB2 Nanocomposites fabricated by solidification nanoprocessing. Adv Eng Mater 14:291–295
Cicco M, Konishi H, Cao G et al (2009) Strong, ductile magnesium-zinc nanocomposites. Metall Mater Trans A 40A:3038–3045
Dai L, Ling Z, Bai Y (2001) Size-dependent inelastic behavior of particle-reinforced metal–matrix composites. Compos Sci Technol 61:1057–1063
Dieringa H, Huang Y, Wittke P, Klein M, Walther F, Dikovits M, Poletti C (2013) Compression creep response of magnesium alloy DieMag422 containing barium compared with the commercial creep-resistant alloys AE42 and MRI230D. Mater Sci Eng 585:430–438
Dieringa H, Katsarou L, Buzolin R, Szakács G, Horstmann M, Wolff M, Mendis C, Vorozhtsov S, StJohn D (2017) Ultrasound assisted casting of an AM60 based metal matrix nanocomposite, its properties, and recyclability. Metals 7:388
Endo M, Hayashi T, Itoh I, Kim YA, Shimamoto D, Muramatsu H, Shimizu Y, Morimoto S, Terrones M, Iinou S, Koide S (2008) An anticorrosive magnesium/carbon nanotube composite. Appl Phys Lett 92(6):063105
Erman A, Groza J, Li X, Choi H, Cao G (2012) Nanoparticle effects in cast Mg-1 wt% SiCnano-composites. Mater Sci Eng A 558:39–43
Eskin DG, Eskin GI (2014) Ultrasonic treatment of light alloy melts, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA
Eskin GI (1995) Cavitation mechanism of ultrasonic melt degassing. Ultrason Sonochem 2:S137–S141
Eskin GI (1998) Ultrasonic treatment of light alloy metallic melts. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Falcon LA, Bedolla B, Lemus J, Leon C, Rosales I, Gonzalez-Rodriguez JG (2011) Corrosion behavior of Mg–Al/TiC composites in NaCl solution. Int J Corros
Fukuda H, Szpunar JA, Kondoh K, Chromik R (2010) The influence of carbon nanotubes on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Corros Sci 52(12):3917–3923
Funatsu K, Fukuda H, Takei R, Umeda J, Kondoh K (2013) Quantitative evaluation of initial galvanic corrosion behavior of CNTs reinforced Mg–Al alloy. Adv Powder Technol 24(5):833–837
Ghasali E, Bordbar-Khiabani A, Alizadeh M, Mozafari M, Niazmand M, Kazemzadeh H, Ebadzadeh T (2019) Corrosion behavior and in-vitro bioactivity of porous Mg/Al2O3 and Mg/Si3N4 metal matrix composites fabricated using microwave sintering process. Mater Chem Phys 225:331–339
Gnanavelbabu A, Surendran KS, Kumar S (2020) Influence of ultrasonication power on grain refinement, mechanical properties and wear behaviour of AZ91D/nano-Al2O3 composites. Mater Res Express 7(1):016544
Goh CS, Wei J, Lee LC, Gupta M (2006) Simultaneous enhancement in strength and ductility by reinforcing magnesium with carbon nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng A 423(1–2):153–156
Goh CS, Wei J, Lee LC, Gupta M (2008) Ductility improvement and fatigue studies in Mg-CNT nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 68(6):1432–1439
Guo W, Wang Q, Ye B, Li X, Liu X, Zhou H (2012) Microstructural refinement and homogenization of Mg–SiC nanocomposites by cyclic extrusion compression. Mater Sci Eng A 556:267–270
Habibnejad-Korayem M, Mahmudi R, Poole WJ (2009) Enhanced properties of Mg-based nano-composites reinforced with Al2O3 nano-particles. Mater Sci Eng A 519(1–2):198–203
Hassan SF, Gupta M (2007a) Development of nano-Y2O3 containing magnesium nanocomposites using solidification processing. J Alloys Compd 429:176–183
Hassan SF, Gupta M (2007b) Effect of Nano-ZrO2 particulates reinforcement on microstructureand mechanical behavior of solidification processed elemental Mg. J Compos Mater 41:2533–2543
Hassan SF, Gupta M (2005) Enhancing physical and mechanical properties of Mg using nanosized Al2O3 particulates as reinforcement. Metall Mater Trans A 36:2253–2258
Huang Y, Dieringa H, Kainer KU, Hort N (2014) Understanding effects of microstructural inhomogeneity on creep response—New approaches to improve the creep resistance in magnesium alloys. J Magnes Alloys 2:124–132
Ishiwata Y, Komarov S, Takeda Y (2012) Investigation of acoustic streaming in aluminum melts exposed to high-intensity ultrasonic irradiation. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on aluminum alloys (ICAA13), Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 3–7 June
Jia S, Jia SS, Sun G, Yao J (2005) The corrosion behaviour of Mg alloy AZ91D/TiCp metal matrix composite. In: Materials science forum, vol 488. Trans Tech Publications, pp 705–708
Karuppusamy P, Lingadurai K, Sivananth V (2019) Influence of Cryogenic Treatment On As-cast AZ91+ 1.5 wt% WC Mg-MMNC wear performance. In: Advances in materials and metallurgy. Springer, Singapore, pp 185–197
Katsarou L, Mounib M, Lefebvre W, Vorozhtsov S, Pavese M, Badini C, Dieringa H (2016) Microstructure, mechanical properties and creep of magnesium alloy Elektron21 reinforced with AlN nanoparticles by ultrasound-assisted stirring. Mater Sci Eng A 659:84–92
Khandelwal A, Mani K, Srivastava N, Gupta R, Chaudhari G (2017) Mechanical behavior of AZ31/Al2O3 magnesium alloy nanocomposites prepared using ultrasound assisted stir casting. Compos Part B Eng 123:64–73
Kubásek J, Vojtech D, MartÃnek M (2013) Structural characteristics and elevated temperature mechanical properties of AJ62 Mg alloy. Mater Charact 86:270–282
Kumar S, Suman KNS, Ravindra K, Poddar P, SB VS (2017) Microstructure, mechanical response and fractography of AZ91E/Al2O3 (p) nano composite fabricated by semi solid stir casting method. J Magnes Alloys 5(1):48–55
Labib F, Ghasemi HM, Mahmudi R (2016) Dry tribological behavior of Mg/SiCp composites at room and elevated temperatures. Wear 348:69–79
Lan J, Yang Y, Li X (2004) Microstructure and microhardness of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium composites fabricated by ultrasonic method. Mater Sci Eng A 386:284–290
Li Q, Rottmair CA, Singer RF (2010) CNT reinforced light metal composites produced by melt stirring and by high pressure die casting. Compos Sci Technol 70(16):2242–2247
Lim CYH, Leo DK, Ang JJS, Gupta M (2005) Wear of magnesium composites reinforced with nano-sized alumina particulates. Wear 259(1–6):620–625
Liu S, Gao F, Zhang Q, Li W (2009) Mechanical properties and microstrutures of nano-sized sic particles reinforced AZ91D nanocomposites fabricated by high intensity ultrasonic assisted casting. Mater Sci Forum 618–619:449–452
Liu S-Y, Gao F-P, Zhang Q-Y, Xue Z, Li W-Z (2010) Fabrication of carbon nanotubes reinforced AZ91D composites by ultrasonic processing. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 20:1222–1227
Malaki M, Xu W, Kasar AK, Menezes PL, Dieringa H, Varma RS, Gupta M (2019) Advanced metal matrix nanocomposites. Metals 9(3):330
Meenashisundaram GK, Seetharaman S, Gupta M (2014) Enhancing overall tensile and compressive response of pure Mg using nano-TiB2 particulates. Mater Charact 94:178–188
Murugan S, Nguyen QB, Gupta M (2019) Synthesis of magnesium based nano-composites. In: Magnesium—The wonder element for engineering/biomedical applications. IntechOpen
Nguyen QB, Gupta M (2008) Increasing significantly the failure strain and work of fracture of solidification processed AZ31B using nano-Al2O3 particulates. J Alloy Compd 459(1–2):244–250
Nguyen QB, Sim YHM, Gupta M, Lim CYH (2015) Tribology characteristics of magnesium alloy AZ31B and its composites. Tribol Int 82:464–471
Nie KB, Deng KK, Wang XJ, Wang T, Wu K (2017) Influence of SiC nanoparticles addition on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy during isothermal multidirectional forging. Mater Charact 124:14–24
Nie KB, Deng KK, Wang XJ, Wu K (2017) Characterization and strengthening mechanism of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium matrix composite fabricated by ultrasonic vibration assisted squeeze casting. J Mater Res 32:2609–2620
Nie KB, Wang XJ, Wu K, Xu L, Zheng MY, Hu XS (2011) Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium matrix nanocomposites fabricated by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration. J Alloys Compd 509:8664–8669
Nie KB, Wang XJ, Xu L, Wu K, Hu XS, Zheng MY (2012) Influence of extrusion temperature and process parameter on microstructures and tensile properties of a particulate reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposite. Mater Des 36:199–205
Pardo A, Merino S, Merino MC, Barroso I, Mohedano M, Arrabal R, Viejo F (2009) Corrosion behaviour of silicon–carbide-particle reinforced AZ92 magnesium alloy. Corros Sci 51(4):841–849
Praveenkumar R, Periyasamy P, Mohanavel V, Ravikumar MM (2019) Mechanical and tribological behavior of Mg-matrix composites manufactured by stir casting. Int J Veh Struct Syst (IJVSS) 11(1)
Ramirez A, Ma Q, Davis B, Wilks T, St John DH (2008) Potency of high-intensity ultrasonic treatment for grain refinement of magnesium alloys. Scripta Mater 59:19–22
Sankaranarayanan S, Habibi MK, Jayalakshmi S, Jia Ai K, Almajid A, Gupta M (2015) Nano-AlN particle reinforced Mg composites: microstructural and mechanical properties. Mater Sci Technol 31(9):1122–1131
Shen MJ, Ying WF, Wang XJ, Zhang MF, Wu K (2015) Development of high performance magnesium matrix nanocomposites using nano-SiC particulates as reinforcement. J Mater Eng Perform 24:3798–3807
Shiying L, Feipeng G, Qiongyuan Z, Wenzhen L (2009) Mechanical properties and microstructures of nano-sized SiC particle reinforced AZ91D nanocomposites fabricated by high intensity ultrasonic assisted casting. Mater Sci Forum 618–619:449–452
Suslick KS, Cline RE, Hammerton DA (1986) The sonochemical hot spot. J Am Chem Soc 108:5641–5642
Suslick KS, Matula TJ (1999) Ultrasonic physical mechanisms and chemical effects. In: Webster J (ed) Wiley encyclopedia of electrical and electronics engineering. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA
Tiwari S, Balasubramaniam R, Gupta M (2007) Corrosion behavior of SiC reinforced magnesium composites. Corros Sci 49(2):711–725
Vogt R, Zhang Z, Li Y, Bonds M, Browning N, Lavernia E, Schoenung J (2009) The absence of thermal expansion mismatch strengthening in nanostructured metal–matrix composites. Scr Mater 61:1052–1055
Wang X, Liu W, Xiaoshi Hu, Kun Wu (2018) Microstructural modification and strength enhancement by SiC nanoparticles in AZ31 magnesium alloy during hot rolling. Mater Sci Eng A 715:49–61
Zarembo LK (1971) Part III: Acoustic streaming. In: Rozenberg LD (ed) High-intensity ultrasonic fields. Springer, New York, NY, USA
Zhang C, Zhang T, Wang Y, Wei F, Shao Y, Meng G, Wu K (2015) Effect of SiC particulates on the corrosion behavior of extruded AZ91/SiCp composites during the early stage of exposure. J Electrochem Soc 162(14):C754–C766
Zhang L, Luo X, Liu J, Leng Y, An L (2018) Dry sliding wear behavior of Mg-SiC nanocomposites with high volume fractions of reinforcement. Mater Lett 228:112–115
Zhou X, Su D, Wu C, Liu L (2012) Tensile mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of hybrid carbon nanotube and silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced magnesium alloy composites. J Nanomater 1–7
Zhu YT, Lowe TC (2000) Observationsand issues on mechanisms of grain refinement during ECAP process. Mater Sci Eng A 291:46–53
Zhu SM, Easton MA, Gibson MA, Dargusch MS, Nie JF (2013) Analysis of the creep behaviour of die-cast Mg–3Al–1Si alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 578:377–382
Zhu SM, Gibson MA, Easton MA, Nie JF (2010) The relationship between microstructure and creep resistance in die-cast magnesium-rare earth alloys. Scr Mater 63:698–703
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Banerjee, S., Poria, S., Sutradhar, G., Sahoo, P. (2021). Understanding Fabrication and Properties of Magnesium Matrix Nanocomposites. In: Sahoo, S. (eds) Recent Advances in Layered Materials and Structures. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4550-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4550-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-33-4549-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-33-4550-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)