Abstract
The experiment aimed to grow Chlorella vulgaris in a mixture of Kraft paper effluent and biogas slurry, to treat industrial wastewater and produce biodiesel. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in a batch reactor for 18 days was done in six different proportions of (Kraft paper effluent: biogas slurry, v/v) 20%P, 40%P, 60%P, 80%P, 100%P, 100% slurry, and also BG11 as control media. Growth of algae was decreased with an increase in the concentration of Kraft paper effluent, and the maximum growth was found in 100% slurry followed by 20%P and 40%P. Biomass productivity was found to be the highest in 100% slurry 37.53 mg/L/day followed by 36.82 mg/L/day in 20%P. The highest lipid content was observed at 13.85%, w/w in 20%P followed by 13.83% (w/w) in slurry media. Significant reductions in physicochemical parameters from the cultured media were observed after being treated with algae. The percentage reductions of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Co, and Fe from the 20% P (1:4, v/v) media were determined to be 58.75%, 76.19%, 95.32%, 73.13%, 77.01%, and 88.08%, respectively. Above 75% reduction of total nitrogen was observed from all cultured media. Biodiesel was produced from the lipid extracted from algal biomass that was cultivated with 20%P media in a 2L photobioreactor. Transesterification was done to convert the lipid into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) commonly known as biodiesel. Further analysis of biodiesel was done in +HNMR and 13C NMR spectra to confirm the formation of biodiesel. The lipid (TAG) to methyl ester conversion percentage was calculated and determined to be 83.24%. From the study, it was observed that the mixture of Kraft paper effluent and biogas slurry has the potential to grow algae and biodiesel production with effective wastewater treatment.
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Acknowledgements
Isfakur Rasul is thankful to Tezpur University for providing all the facilities to perform this experimental work. I acknowledge SAIC Tezpur University and NERIWALM, Tezpur, for assisting in performing analyses.
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Rasul, I., Chakraborty, B., Deka, D. (2023). Investigation of Microalgae Growth in a Mixture of Kraft Paper Industry Effluent and Biogas Slurry: Wastewater Treatment and Biodiesel Production. In: Deka, D., Majumder, S.K., Purkait, M.K. (eds) Sustainable Environment. NERC 2022. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8464-8_2
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