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Muscle Mass, Cachexia, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

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Physical Therapy and Research in Patients with Cancer

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Abstract

Treatment for hematologic malignancies may result in physical symptoms such as pancytopenia secondary to nutritional deficiencies and bone marrow suppression, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, cancer-induced fatigue, and mental symptoms including anxiety and depression and symptoms associated with the hematologic malignancy itself. These symptoms lead to decreased physical activity, particularly in patients who receive prolonged inpatient treatment. Patients with hematologic malignancies undergo unfavorable body composition changes during active treatment owing to physical inactivity, catabolic effects of cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive therapies, as well as metabolic changes and myopathy secondary to long-term glucocorticoid administration. Therefore, patients with hematologic malignancies are at a high risk of muscle dysfunction and reduced quality of life (QOL). Physical therapy is increasingly being recognized as an important intervention to improve muscle function and QOL. Rehabilitation to improve function and QOL of patients with malignancies usually involves mid- or high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercises. However, mid- or high-intensity exercise is often challenging in patients with hematologic malignancies owing to treatment-induced adverse effects. Fukushima et al. reported that high-frequency low-intensity exercise therapy was useful to maintain muscle function and improve physical function, mental and physical symptoms, and QOL in patients with hematologic malignancies, who underwent chemotherapy. We observed that a behavioral change intervention with feedback on physical function and physical activity may improve voluntary exercise and physical function in patients with hematologic malignancies, who receive chemotherapy. Reportedly, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) during active oncological treatment safely and effectively improve muscle and physical function and QOL in patients with hematologic cancer. Therefore, this approach may effectively improve muscle function and QOL in patients with hematologic disorders, who are unable to perform mid- or high-intensity exercise as an alternative to low-intensity exercise therapy, behavioral change intervention, and WB-EMS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rehabilitation, Michinoo-Miyata Orthopaedic Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan

    Shun Ishii

  2. Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

    Keisuke Hirota

  3. Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan

    Jiro Nakano

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  1. Shun Ishii
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  2. Keisuke Hirota
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan

    Shinichiro Morishita

  2. Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Junichiro Inoue

  3. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan

    Jiro Nakano

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Ishii, S., Hirota, K., Nakano, J. (2022). Muscle Mass, Cachexia, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies. In: Morishita, S., Inoue, J., Nakano, J. (eds) Physical Therapy and Research in Patients with Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6710-8_5

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