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Agroforestry for Climate Change Resilience in Degraded Landscapes

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Agroforestry for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa

Part of the book series: Sustainability Sciences in Asia and Africa ((SAFS))

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Abstract

Agriculture constitutes the largest economic sector in Asia and Africa; therefore, issues like land degradation, food security, biodiversity loss and climate change are inextricably linked with sustainable agricultural production. Land degradation due to expansion of croplands and grazing lands, deforestation and soil erosion are the most pressing problems across Asia and Africa. Warming trends and increasing climate extremes are of common occurrence threatening food security and human well-being. The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030) aims to halt the degradation of ecosystems, and to enhance livelihoods, counteract climate change and biodiversity loss. Land restoration initiatives ranging from small local projects to large-scale programmes are being implemented for restoring degraded landscapes. Agroforestry constitutes as an important approach to restore degraded land by re-establishing ecological processes, structures and ecosystem functions. Agroforestry systems, integrating trees, crops and livestock, involve diverse land management practices like crop diversification, long rotation systems for soil conservation, home gardens, boundary plantings, perennial crops, hedgerow intercropping, live fences and improved fallows for enhancing their resilience to climate change. Agroforestry provides climate resilience through diversification of agricultural production, reducing the risk of crop failure and food shortages, improvement of microclimate, increase intensive silvopastoral systems, facilitating capture and storage of carbon in plant biomass and soil, controlling soil erosion and improving soil fertility. This chapter reviews a number of studies and demonstrates that agroforestry systems can substantially increase C sequestration within tree biomass and soils. In Sub-Saharan Africa, AFS and integrated land use could sequester about 0.50–3.9 Mg C ha−1 year−1 C in the biomass and the total carbon stock in agroforestry systems averaged 15.7–77.9 Mg C ha−1. Total carbon storage potential in Southeast Asian agroforestry systems was in the range of 46.8–209 Mg C ha−1. In addition, agroforestry practices play a key role for adaptation under changing climate conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

    Sharda Rani Gupta

  2. Natural Resource Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  3. Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi

  4. Community Ecology and Conservation Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China

    R. K. Chaturvedi

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  1. Sharda Rani Gupta
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Resource Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  2. Botany Department, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

    Sharda Rani Gupta

  3. Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi

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Gupta, S.R., Dagar, J.C., Sileshi, G.W., Chaturvedi, R.K. (2023). Agroforestry for Climate Change Resilience in Degraded Landscapes. In: Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R., Sileshi, G.W. (eds) Agroforestry for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa. Sustainability Sciences in Asia and Africa(). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4602-8_5

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