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Sulfur-Containing Pyrazoles, Pyrazolines and Indazoles

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N-Heterocycles

Abstract

The review summarizes the literature and our own results over the past ten years (2011–2021) on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds having the pyrazole, pyrazoline, or indazole nucleus, which are the basic elements for the design of drug-like compounds with multiple biological activities. Over the years, there has been a clear upward trend in the publication activity of the scientific community, which is expressed in the development of new synthetic methodologies, catalysis, and structural diversity to expand application of this privileged class of compounds. This chapter presents our effort aimed at systematizing the latest advances in the directed synthesis and biological activity of sulfur-containing 1,2-azoles, in which the sulfur atom is bonded directly to the ring or through the spacers. The current trends in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry are shown in convergence with the principles and metrics of green chemistry such as “metal-free” and “solvent-free” reactions, green solvent, homo- and heterogeneous catalyst, multicomponent reactions (MCR), one-pot process, atomic efficiency, molecular docking, primary screening.

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Acknowledgements

This study was carried out under the research plans of the IPC RAS on the subject “Multicomponent catalytic reactions in the synthesis of cyclic and acyclic heteroatomic compounds”, State Registration no. FMRS-2022-0079 (2022–2024), as well as with financial support from the Stipend of the President of the Russian Federation to young scientists and graduate students (SP-1691.2022.4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Heteroatomic Compounds, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Science, 141 Prospekt Octyabrya, Ufa, 450075, Russian Federation

    Vnira R. Akhmetova & Askhat G. Ibragimov

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Design and Biological Screening of Candidate Substances for the Pharmaceutical Industry, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Science, 141 Prospekt Octyabrya, Ufa, 450075, Russian Federation

    Nail S. Akhmadiev

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  1. Vnira R. Akhmetova
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  2. Nail S. Akhmadiev
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  3. Askhat G. Ibragimov
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Correspondence to Vnira R. Akhmetova .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, India

    Keshav Lalit Ameta

  2. Chemistry, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ravi Kant

  3. Chemistry, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Andrea Penoni

  4. Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Angelo Maspero

  5. Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Luca Scapinello

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Akhmetova, V.R., Akhmadiev, N.S., Ibragimov, A.G. (2022). Sulfur-Containing Pyrazoles, Pyrazolines and Indazoles. In: Ameta, K.L., Kant, R., Penoni, A., Maspero, A., Scapinello, L. (eds) N-Heterocycles. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0832-3_7

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