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Cereal Physiology, Flowering, and Grain Yield Under Salinity and Drought Stress

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Omics Approach to Manage Abiotic Stress in Cereals

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Abstract

Cereal crops are the vital source of food and nutrients for human health and nearly cultivated in all parts of the world. Demand for cereal yield has been increasing extensively nowadays due to their high nutritional value and production of first-generation biofuel from cereal starches. However, cereal crops are frequently exposed to several abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, extreme temperature, heavy metal stress, etc. which dramatically impact their physiological and developmental processes and grain yield. Among these abiotic stresses, drought and salinity stress are one of the major environmental constraints which pose significant threat to cereal crops with subsequent economic impacts. Loss in cereal productivity was primarily determined by the severity and duration of the stress. Declined net photosynthetic activity, damage to the chloroplast and stomatal closure, alterations in various plant developmental processes like flowering, and oxidative stress due to the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major reasons for poor grain set and development in cereals under drought and salinity stress. Although these stresses impede cereal performance at all developmental phases, cereals are highly sensitive during their flowering and grain-filling phases which consequently cause severe yield losses. Therefore, there is an immense demand of efficient approaches to mitigate these stresses to ensure food security and nutrition. Various transgenic and molecular breeding strategies are in practice to improve cereal tolerance against drought and salinity stress.

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  1. Savita Bhardwaj and Tunisha Verma contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Savita Bhardwaj, Tunisha Verma & Dhriti Kapoor

  2. Department of Hotel management and Tourism, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India

    Bharat Kapoor

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  1. Savita Bhardwaj
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  2. Tunisha Verma
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  3. Bharat Kapoor
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  4. Dhriti Kapoor
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Aryadeep Roychoudhury

  2. Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Tariq Aftab

  3. Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Krishnendu Acharya

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Bhardwaj, S., Verma, T., Kapoor, B., Kapoor, D. (2022). Cereal Physiology, Flowering, and Grain Yield Under Salinity and Drought Stress. In: Roychoudhury, A., Aftab, T., Acharya, K. (eds) Omics Approach to Manage Abiotic Stress in Cereals. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0140-9_2

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