Abstract
Extreme temperatures, either elevated or low, are known to cause adverse impacts on the natural and human environment. Increased hospital admissions and mortality rates during heat and cold waves demonstrate the severity of the problem concerning human health. Heat waves (HWs) are expected to become more severe in terms of frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change, whereas cold events will become rarer and milder. Along with rapid urbanization and deterioration of air quality due to human activities, heat waves pose a major threat for people’s well-being and quality living conditions, affecting especially the urban population. Thus, appropriate counter-measures and mitigation strategies are necessary worldwide in order to combat these effects in timely intervention. The current chapter focuses primarily on heat waves addressing in detail their definition, generation, future projection, and synergy with the urban heat island (UHI) effect and air pollution in cities, as well as their harsh impacts on several sectors and the approaches for mitigating these effects. A part of this chapter is also devoted to cold waves, while a case study concerning the inter-play between extreme temperatures, thermal comfort, and air pollution during a significant HW episode that occurred in Greece is presented.
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Parliari, D., Giannaros, C., Keppas, S. (2022). Assessment of Heat and Cold Waves Phenomena and Impacts on Environment. In: Saxena, P., Shukla, A., Gupta, A.K. (eds) Extremes in Atmospheric Processes and Phenomenon: Assessment, Impacts and Mitigation . Disaster Resilience and Green Growth. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7727-4_7
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