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Heat Release in Direct Injection Engines

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Modelling Diesel Combustion

Part of the book series: Mechanical Engineering Series ((MES))

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Abstract

An accurate model for the heat release rate in a modern DI diesel engine is newly evolved from the known mixing-controlled combustion model. In this chapter, the combustion rate is precisely described by relating the mixing rate to the turbulent energy created at the exit of the nozzle as a function of the injection velocity and by considering the dissipation of energy in free air and along the wall. The complete absence of tuning constants distinguishes the model from the other zero-dimensional or pseudo-multi-dimensional models, at the same time retaining the simplicity. Successful prediction of the history of heat release in engines widely varying in bores, rated speeds, and types of aspiration, at all operating conditions, validated the model. The earlier model has explained correctly the effect of the kinetic energy of fuel injection. However, it considered only the spray in the air and the accuracy of prediction was only about 65%. In most of the engines of bore less than 130 mm, wall jet plays a very important role. By considering the wall jet in detail, the heat release has been explained to an accuracy better than 95%. This was proved for a variety of engines. The bores range from 85 to 280 mm.

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Abbreviations

n :

Engine speed (rpm)

1/ρf dmf/dθ:

Volumetric injection rate injection of fuel (m3/crank degree)

a and b:

Engine-specific constants for the rate of burning (−)

AFRstoich:

Air–fuel ratio for the stoichiometric combustion of diesel (−)

A n :

Area of nozzle holes (m2)

A s :

Instantaneous surface area (m2)

C d :

Coefficient of discharge of the nozzle (−)

C diss :

Dissipation constant = 0.01 (s−1)

C model :

A model constant, 1000 (kJ/kg/deg)

C rate :

Constant for mixing rate, 0.002 (s)

C turb :

Efficiency of conversion of kinetic energy to turbulence energy in free jet = 0.2 (−)

d e :

Equivalent diameter of the orifice (m)

dE diss /dθ :

Rate of energy dissipation across the control surface (J/s)

dE i /dθ :

Rate of the generation of the kinetic energy of fuel jet into the cylinder (J/s)

dm b /dt :

Rate of burning (kg/s)

dQ/dθ :

Rate of heat release (J/s)

E u :

Total turbulent kinetic energy of fuel jet at a given crank angle instant (J)

f 1 :

A function of fuel availability (−)

f 2 :

A function of fuel–air mixing (−)

h c :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/(m2K))

k :

Density of turbulent kinetic energy (J/m3)

LCV:

Lower calorific value of fuel (J/kg)

m b :

Cumulative mass of fuel burnt (kg)

m f :

Cumulative mass of fuel injected (kg)

n p :

Piston velocity (m/s)

Q :

Cumulative heat release (J)

s :

Penetration of spray (m)

t :

Time after the start of injection (s)

T g :

Cylinder charge temperature (K)

T o :

Reference temperature, 294 (K)

T surr :

Surrounding temperature (K)

T w :

Wall temperature (K)

U j :

Velocity of fuel jet at the exit of the nozzle (m/s)

V :

Instantaneous cylinder volume (m3)

V :

Instantaneous cylinder volume (m3)

λ diff :

Air excess ratio for diffusion combustion (−)

ρ f :

Density of fuel (kg/m3)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    Dr. P. A. Lakshminarayanan

  2. Kirloskar Oil Engines Limited, Pune, India

    Yogesh V. Aghav

Authors
  1. Dr. P. A. Lakshminarayanan
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  2. Yogesh V. Aghav
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Correspondence to P. A. Lakshminarayanan .

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Lakshminarayanan, P.A., Aghav, Y.V. (2022). Heat Release in Direct Injection Engines. In: Modelling Diesel Combustion. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6742-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6742-8_9

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-6741-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-6742-8

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