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Models for Instantaneous Heat Transfer in Engines and the Manifolds for 1-D Thermodynamic Engine Simulation

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Handbook of Thermal Management of Engines

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

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Abstract

The performance of the after-treatment devices depends on their working temperature and in turn on the turbine-out temperature. The target conversion efficiency and regeneration can be achieved by choosing an optimum strategy to increase the temperature at the inlet of the devices, at the same time addressing concerns on the engine fuel consumption. Diameters of exhaust and intake valves, valve timings as well as the use of multi-step openings were studied to predict the temperature at the turbine outlet, coupled to external models for heat transfer and friction losses in steady and transient conditions. The potential of every proposal is deliberated as a function of the engine operating range. The engine layout is guided by the trade-off between the turbine outlet temperature and fuel consumption.

Substantial portion of the chapter is taken from SAE2016-01-0670 with permission, Order Number: 1072610, 25 Oct 2020, Copyright Clearance Center.

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Abbreviations

α :

Crank angle degree

α :

Diffusivity coefficient defined as \(\alpha =K/(\rho {C}_{S})\)

γ :

Specific heat ratio

ε :

Emissivity

μ :

Fluid viscosity

μ f :

Fluid viscosity at the fluid temperature

μ w :

Fluid viscosity at the wall temperature

ρ :

Density

σ :

Boltzmann’s radiation constant

Bi :

Biot number defined as \(Bi=h\cdot \Delta x/k\)

bmep :

Brake mean effective pressure

BSFC :

Brake specific fuel consumption

c :

Speed

C p :

Specific heat at constant pressure

d :

Duct diameter

d c :

Cylinder diameter

DPF :

Diesel particle filter

Fo :

Fourier number defined as \(Fo=\alpha \cdot \Delta t/{(\Delta x)}^{2}\)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient

h i :

Inside heat transfer coefficient

h i-2 :

Inside plus wall 1–2 heat transfer coefficient

h i-3 :

Inside plus wall 1–2–3 heat transfer coefficient

h o :

Outside heat transfer coefficient

h o-1 :

Outside plus wall 1–2–3 heat transfer coefficient

h o-2 :

Outside plus wall 2–3 heat transfer coefficient

h or :

Outside radiation heat transfer coefficient

h s :

Enthalpy in isentropic conditions

HSDI :

High-speed direct injection

IVC :

Intake valve closing

IVO :

Intake valve opening

K, k :

Thermal conductivity

L :

Coolant tube length

M 0 :

Torque at maximum engine power

N :

Engine speed

Nu :

Nusselt number

OEM :

Original exhaust manifold

p :

Pressure

p2 ′ :

Intake manifold pressure

PEM :

Pulse exhaust manifold

PMEP, pmep :

Pumping mean effective pressure

Pr :

Prandtl number

Re :

Reynolds number

S :

Stroke

SEM :

Synthesis exhaust manifold

T :

Temperature

T :

Torque

t :

Time

T 3 :

Inlet turbine temperature

T 4 :

Outlet turbine temperature

t c :

Engine cycle duration

T i :

Fluid temperature inside ducts and cylinders

TIP :

Turbine isentropic power

T o :

Fluid temperature outside ducts and cylinders

T w1 :

Wall temperature at the inner calculation node

T w2 :

Wall temperature at the central calculation node

T w3 :

Wall temperature at the outer calculation node

u :

Fluid velocity

VGT :

Variable geometry turbine

ω :

Engine rotating speed

X :

Distance to the exhaust valve

Z :

Number of cylinders

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow of fluid.

\(\dot{W}\) :

Power

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Acknowledgements

The work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grant number TRA2013-40853-R. The authors wish to thank Antonio Peris and José Gálvez for their support in the engine testing and workshop activities.

The authors acknowledge with gratitude the copyright permission from the SAE to use the authors’ paper, under license 1072610-1 dated 25 Oct 2020.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    P. A. Lakshminarayanan

  2. Universitat Politécnica de Valencia. CMT-Motores Térmicos, Camino de Vera, s/n., 46022, Valencia, Spain

    J. Galindo, J. M. Luján, J. R. Serrano, V. Dolz, P. Piqueras & J. Gómez

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    P. A. Lakshminarayanan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

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Lakshminarayanan, P.A. et al. (2022). Models for Instantaneous Heat Transfer in Engines and the Manifolds for 1-D Thermodynamic Engine Simulation. In: Lakshminarayanan, P.A., Agarwal, A.K. (eds) Handbook of Thermal Management of Engines. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8570-5_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8570-5_3

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