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Improvement of Hard Water Characteristics and Scale Formation Under the Effect of Pulsating Electromagnetic Field

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Advances in Construction Materials and Sustainable Environment

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 196))

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Abstract

Scale deposition in water pipe due to hard water circulation often leads to various technical and economical problems. The conventional chemical treatment methods use hazardous chemical which affects human health as well as water chemistry. This study shows the effect of physical water treatment methods like pulsating electromagnetic field on water characteristics and scale reduction under different turbulent flow conditions and pipe materials. The scale removal rate was analyzed by the formation of aragonite crystal in water pipes in place of calcite crystals after electromagnetic treatment. The morphology of aragonite and calcite crystals was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope on different pipe materials. The water flow rate was maintained at 3, 5, and 7 L/min. After electromagnetic treatment, the result shows that the scale removal rate increases from pipe wall and reduces the total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, and alkalinity of water. These water characteristics are further decreasing on increasing the flow rate from 3 to 7 L/min. The reduction rate of these water characteristics was higher for the first 15 h of circulation time than the remaining 15 h. On investigating the effect of electromagnetic treatment on pipe material, it was obtained that the polyvinyl chloride pipe is much effective than the galvanized iron and copper pipes.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. BBD University, Lucknow, India

    Amrit Anand Dosar

  2. DIT University, Dehradun, India

    Vivek Srivastava

Authors
  1. Amrit Anand Dosar
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  2. Vivek Srivastava
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Correspondence to Amrit Anand Dosar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India

    Ashok Kumar Gupta

  2. School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia

    Sanjay Kumar Shukla

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

    Hazi Azamathulla

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Dosar, A.A., Srivastava, V. (2022). Improvement of Hard Water Characteristics and Scale Formation Under the Effect of Pulsating Electromagnetic Field. In: Gupta, A.K., Shukla, S.K., Azamathulla, H. (eds) Advances in Construction Materials and Sustainable Environment. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 196. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6557-8_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6557-8_20

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-6556-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-6557-8

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