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Bone Minimodeling, Modeling-Based Bone Formation in Trabecular, Endocortical and Periosteal Bone

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Osteoporotic Fracture and Systemic Skeletal Disorders

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Abstract

Minimodeling is modeling on a microscopic level and occurs on trabecular, endocortical, and periosteal surfaces. Precursor cells are activated to osteoblasts that form new bone, called formation modeling. When osteoclastic precursor cells are activated and osteoclasts resorb bone, it is called resorption modeling. These processes are influenced by mechanical loading at physiological or supra-physiological force levels, and by various metabolic bone diseases and drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.

The chapter illustrates two drift patterns in elongation of long tubular bone (growth) and healing of angulated tubular bone to be straight in children. The latter occurs under the influence of supra-physiologic mechanical loading, that is compression force on the cortex of the concave side, and tensile force on the convex side. Minimodeling is observed in dialysis patients with adynamic bone disease. Vitamin D and its derivative and human PTH(1–34) stimulate minimodeling in cancellous bone.

In the last decade, several drugs have been developed and are available for the treatment of osteoporotic patients. Therapeutic effects of each drug have a different proportion of action on remodeling and modeling, which cannot be identified by DXA. There has been renewed interest lately in the role of “minimodeling,” that is modeling-based formation (MBF) during osteoporosis therapy.

Recent reports of early effects of an established anabolic (teriparatide) versus antiresorptive (denosumab) agent were described on three bone envelopes: cancellous, periosteal, and endocortical surfaces in human transiliac bone biopsies. Renamed terms on bone formation were defined and described.

The present invited review was completed and submitted to the publisher on 23-Sep-20. 

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Acknowledgments

Authors are most grateful to Prof. David W. Dempster in reviewing the manuscript for his critical and constructive comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Niigata Bone Science Institute, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, Niigata-shi, Niigata-ken, Japan

    Hideaki E. Takahashi, Noriaki Yamamoto, Hiroshige Sano & Taketoshi Shimakura

  2. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata-shi, Japan

    Hiroshige Sano

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Niigata-ken, Japan

    Hiroshige Sano

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  1. Hideaki E. Takahashi
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  2. Noriaki Yamamoto
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Correspondence to Hideaki E. Takahashi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Niigata Bone Science Institute, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, Niigata, Japan

    Hideaki E. Takahashi

  2. Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    David B. Burr

  3. Niigata Bone Science Institute, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, Niigata, Japan

    Noriaki Yamamoto

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Takahashi, H.E., Yamamoto, N., Sano, H., Shimakura, T. (2022). Bone Minimodeling, Modeling-Based Bone Formation in Trabecular, Endocortical and Periosteal Bone. In: Takahashi, H.E., Burr, D.B., Yamamoto, N. (eds) Osteoporotic Fracture and Systemic Skeletal Disorders. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5613-2_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5613-2_5

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