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Resources and Environmental Effects of Urban–Rural Transformation in China

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Urban-Rural Transformation Geography

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development Goals Series ((SDGS))

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Abstract

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, great progress has been made in China’s urban and rural socioeconomic development, but it also brings a lot of resource problems and environmental pressure, resulting in issues such as the imbalance of factor input structure and the excessive consumption of water and land resources. From 2000 to 2009, there exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between non-agriculturalization of farmland and economic growth in China, and the rapid non-agriculturalization rate of agricultural land has slowed down. Then, this chapter analyzes the land use change in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2000 to 2015, constructs a driving force index system of land use change, and discusses the land use pattern of Beijing Tianjin Hebei region in 2030 under the scenarios of business as usual, cropland protection and ecological security. Furthermore, the improved STIRPAT model is used to study the impact of China’s urban–rural transformation on energy consumption, CO2 emissions and industrial pollutant emissions, and some suggestions are put forward to reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions and industrial pollutant emissions. Finally, the theory of village transformation and its resources and environmental effects is discussed, and Beicun village in the suburb of Beijing is taken as an example to analyze the resources and environmental effects and the process, characteristics and internal mechanism of village transformation in the process of coordinated development of “planting, breeding, processing and tourism”.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The eastern region includes Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan provinces; the central region includes Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan provinces; and the western region includes Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces (Zhong et al. 2011).

  2. 2.

    Heterogeneous panel Granger causality test results for the central region was not given due to the number of cross-section in this region less than 9. Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality tests require the cross-sectional number greater than or equal to 9.

  3. 3.

    Taking the breeding community as an example, the village collective and the agriculture, industry and trade group take back the contracted land in the form of leasing, build the pig house, water supply system, sewage system and other basic buildings, and then rent them back to the farmers with the same rent (the average annual rent per mu is about 800 yuan). This method has stimulated the land circulation, promoted the adjustment of agricultural structure, large-scale operation and the improvement of land-use efficiency.

  4. 4.

    Taking agricultural products processing park as an example, under the guidance of the upper-level land use planning and village development planning, the village collective and the agriculture, industry and trade group shall take back the contracted land within the scope of the planned industrial area with the consent of the villagers, lease it to the enterprises, especially agricultural enterprises, after land leveling as well as the supply of water, electricity, access, communication and drainage; then a certain proportion of the rent (approximately 70%) is returned to the villagers (the annual rent of approximately is 3,000 yuan per acre). As a result, agricultural products processing cluster has been gradually formed, which promotes the adjustment of economic structure in Beicun village and drives the agricultural structure adjustment of surrounding villages. Of course, it is not suitable or necessary for all villages to build parks. It is necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation on the development intention, land use, village and town system, industrial layout and other related planning.

  5. 5.

    For example, if there is only one son in the family, the family cannot apply for new homestead when he get married as a adult. This institutional arrangement reduces the demand for expansion and empty houses to a large extent, which is in sharp contrast with the low application threshold and lax examination and approval control of most villages in traditional agricultural areas.

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  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Prof. Yansui Liu

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Liu, Y. (2021). Resources and Environmental Effects of Urban–Rural Transformation in China. In: Urban-Rural Transformation Geography. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4835-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4835-9_7

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