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Recent Advances in Physicochemical and Biological Approaches for Degradation and Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater

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Emerging Treatment Technologies for Waste Management

Abstract

The potential hazards associated with industrial wastewater, coupled with increasing awareness of environmental problems, have prompted many countries to limit the indiscriminate discharge of untreated wastewaters. The several industries have been the most significant polluters of the waterways due to the presence of various recalcitrant highly toxic chlorinated, mutagenic and endocrine disrupter pollutants as well as heavy metals. Via long-term exposure to drinking water and consumption of fish that can bioaccumulate certain toxins from the food chain, these harmful constituents of wastewater pose a human health risk. Therefore, many countries have focused significant attention on the degradation and detoxification of industrial wastewater, along with the reduction of pollutants that pose threats to human health or other environmental hazards. Various physicochemical remediation methods (screening, comminution, flow equalization, sedimentation, adsorption with activated carbon, and ozonation) employed for industrial wastewater treatment are insufficient, often are not implemented, because of the high cost involved. Biological methods (oxidation ponds, aeration lagoons, anaerobic digestions, anaerobic lagoons, bioreactor, activated sludge, biological nutrient removals, and phytoremediation) are being viewed as a clean and practicable alternative means to degrade and detoxified of industrial wastewater. The ability of microorganisms to degrade and decolorize recalcitrant toxic pollutants present in industrial wastewater has been established. The use of bioremediation based technologies for treatment of industrial wastewater may be a more viable option for sufficiently cleaning toxic pollutants containing wastewaters hazardous to human health and the environment. Thus, this chapter gives detailed information about sources, characteristics, physicochemical and biological methods for the degradation and detoxification of industrial wastes and wastewaters.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Department of Biotechnology New Delhi, Letter No. BT/PR18896/BCE/8/1372/2016 dated 28-03-2018, University Grant Commission, New Delhi, to Mr. Adarsh Kumar is also highly acknowledged and NFPwD (F No.01-01/2019-Sch.) fellowship to Mr. Ajay Kumar.

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  1. Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow, India

    Adarsh Kumar, Ajay Kumar Singh & Ram Chandra

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  1. Adarsh Kumar
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  2. Ajay Kumar Singh
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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Izharul Haq

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India

    Ajay S. Kalamdhad

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Kumar, A., Singh, A.K., Chandra, R. (2021). Recent Advances in Physicochemical and Biological Approaches for Degradation and Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater. In: Haq, I., Kalamdhad, A.S. (eds) Emerging Treatment Technologies for Waste Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2015-7_1

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