Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) though a good technology capable of protecting the soil resources its rate of adoption by Indian farmers is not so promising. This chapter discusses major reasons behind the low adoption of CA with the help of ‘social learning model’ of diffusion as farmers mostly adopt innovative technologies because of its outcome in prior adopters field rather than the scientific advantage of the technology; and the ‘progressive farmer strategy’ in technology transfer as extension worker-progressive farmer attraction is observed to be another factor that slow down the rate of technology adoption. In fact, demonstrations of CA technologies in different cropping systems of India convey that farmers benefitted economically and ecologically with those technologies. However, knowledge-intensive nature of CA demands strong awareness generation about the technology among the rural farmers of India to fuel up its adoption rate. Moreover, the heterogeneity of farmlands throughout the country demands more farmer field demonstrations of the CA practices to make it need based rather than a ‘one-size-fits-all’ technology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bell RW, Haque ME, Jahiruddin M, Rahman MM, Begum M, MonayemMiah MA, Islam MA, Hossen MA, Salahin N, Zahan T, Hossain MM, Alam MK, Hasan Mahmud MN (2019) Conservation agriculture for rice-based intensive cropping by smallholders in the eastern gangetic plain. Agriculture 9(5):1–17
Bhan S, Behera UK (2014) Conservation agriculture in India – Problems, prospects and policy issues. Int Soil Water Conservat Res 2(4):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-6339(15)30053-8
Blanckenburg PV (1972) Who leads agricultural modernisation? A study of some progressive farmers in Mysore and Punjab. Econ Polit Wkly 7(40):94–112
Chambers R (1983) Rural development: putting the last first. Longman Inc., USA. 235p
Dhillon GS (2016) Comparative evaluation of happy seeder technology versus normal sowing in wheat (Triticumaestivum) in adopted village KilliNahal Singh of Bathinda district of Punjab. J Appl Nat Sci 8(4):2278–2282
Ekboir J (2002) Developing no-till packages for small farmers. In: Ekboir J (ed) CIMMYT 2000–2001 world wheat overview and outlook: developing no-till packages for small-scale farmers. CIMMYT, Mexico, DF, pp 1–38
FICCI Agri Report (2015) Labour in Indian agriculture: a growing challenge. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, New Delhi, India. http://ficci.in/spdocument/20550/FICCI-agri-Report%2009-03-2015.pdf.
Food and Agriculture Organization (2001) The economics of conservation agriculture. http://www.fao.org/3/y2781e/y2781e00.htm.
Foster AD, Rosenzweig MR (1995) Learning by doing and learning from others: human capital and technical change in agriculture. J Polit Econ 103(6):1176–1209. Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2138708
Friedrich T, Derpsch R, Kassam A (2012) Overview of the global spread of conservation agriculture. Field Actions Sci Rep 6:1–7
Gould BW, Saupe WE, Klemme RM (1989) Conservation tillage: the role of farm and operator characteristics and the perception of soil erosion. Land Econ 65(2):167–182. https://doi.org/10.2307/3146791
Habanyati EJ, Nyanga PH, Umar BB (2020) Factors contributing to disadoption of conservation agriculture among smallholder farmers in Petauke, Zambia. Kasetsart J Soc Sci 41:91–96
Kassam A, Basch G, Friedrich T, Shaxson TF, Goddard T, Amado T, Crabtree B, Hongwen L, Mello I, Pisante M, Mkomwa S (2013) Sustainable soil management is more than what and how crops are grown. In: Lal R, Stewart RA (eds) Principles of soil management in agro-ecosystems, pp 337–399. Available at http://www.fao.org/tempref/AG/agp/ca/CA_CoP_Sep13/Ch14_Principles_SSMA.pdf
Kassam A, Friedrich T, Derpsch R (2019) Global spread of conservation agriculture. Int J Environ Stud 76(1):29–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2018.1494927
Laxmi V, Mishra V (2007) Factors affecting the adoption of resource conservation technology: case of zero tillage in rice-wheat farming systems. Indian J Agricult Econ 62(1):126–138
Malik RK, Yadav A, Gill GS, Sardana P, Gupta RK, Piggin C (2004) Evolution and acceleration of no-till farming in rice–wheat cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. In ‘New directions for a diverse planet. Proceedings of the 4th international crop science congress’. http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/symposia/2/2/459malikrk.htm. [Verified 22 April 2007]
Mueller JP, Pezo D, Benites J, Schlaepfer NP (2001) Conflicts between conservation agriculture and livestock over utilization of crop residues. In: Gracia-Torres L, Benites J, Martínez-Vilela A (eds) Conservation agriculture: a worldwide challenge. ECAF/FAO, Córdoba, Spain, pp 211–225
Muneer S (2014) Agricultural extension and the continuous progressive farmers’ bias and laggards blame: the case of date palm producers in Saudi Arabia. Int J Agric Ext 2(3):177–182
Munshi K (2004) Social learning in a heterogeneous population: technology diffusion in the Indian Green Revolution. J Dev Econ 73:185–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.03.003
Pannell DJ (1999) Social and economic challenges in the development of complex farming systems. Agrofor Syst 45:395. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006282614791
Pannell DJ, Llewellyn RS, Corbeels M (2014) The farm-level economics of conservation agriculture for resource-poor farmers. Agric Ecosyst Environ 187(1):52–64
Pradhan A, Idol T, Roul PK (2016) Conservation agriculture practices in rainfed uplands of India improve maize-based system productivity and profitability. Front Plant Sci 7:1–12
Ramasubramaniyan MR, Vasanthakumar J, Hansara BS (2016) Knowledge and adoption of conservation agriculture technologies by the farming community in different agro-climatic zones of Tamil Nadu state in India. J Agric Sci 8(11):154–169
Rogers EM (1983) Diffusion of innovations, 3rd edn. The Free Press, New York, 453p
Rogers EM (1995) Diffusion of innovations, 4th edn. The Free Press, New York
Rogers EM (2002) Diffusion of preventive innovations. Addict Behav 27:989–993
Roling NG (1988) Extension science, information systems in agricultural development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 240 p
Sadoulet E (2006) Review of theories of learning for adopting. Available at https://ferdi.fr/dl/df-TPhnDxFqLo1MTroF9KRREdqz/ferdi-p163-review-of-theoriesof-learning-for-adopting.pdf
Sidhu RS, Vatta K, Dhaliwal HS (2010) Conservation agriculture in Punjab—economic implications of technologies and practices. Indian J Agricult Econ 65(3):413–427
Space Applications Centre-Government of India (2016) Desertification and land degradation Atlas of India (Based on IRS AWiFS data of 2011–13 and 2003–05). Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad, India, 219 p. Available at https://www.sac.gov.in/SACSITE/Desertification_Atlas_2016_SAC_ISRO.pdf
Srivastava SK, Chand R, Singh J (2017) Changing crop production cost in India: Input price substitution and technological effects. Agric Econ Res Rev 30:171–182
Wall PC (2007) Tailoring conservation agriculture to the needs of small farmers in developing countries. J Crop Improv 19(1):137–155
Young HP (2009) Innovation diffusion in heterogeneous populations: contagion, social influence, and social learning. Am Econ Rev 99(5):1899–1924. Available at http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.99.5.1899
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shinogi, K.C. et al. (2021). Socioeconomic Challenges and Prospects in the Adoption of Conservation Agriculture Practices in India. In: Jayaraman, S., Dalal, R.C., Patra, A.K., Chaudhari, S.K. (eds) Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-0826-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-16-0827-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)